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Pacific  Coast  Journal  of  Nursing, 


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Pacific  Coast  Journal  of  Nursing 

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BANDAGING 


BY 

A.  D.  WHITING,  M.  D. 

n 

Instructor   in   Surgery  at   the   University  of  Pennsylvania;  Sur- 
geon to  the   Germantown  Hospital  and  to  the  Southern  Home 
for  Destitute  Children;    Assistant  Surgeon  to  the  German   and 
the   University  Hospitals,   Philadelphia 


ILLUSTRATED 


PHILADELPHIA  AND  LONDON 

W.  B.  SAUNDERS  COMPANY 

1915 


^ 


GIFT  PAOlFfO  OOASr  JOURNAL 
OF  NURSINQ  TO  HYQeiNE  DEPT 


Copyright,  1915,  by  W.  B.  Saunders  Company 


PRINTED    IN    AMERICA 

PRESS    OF 

.    B.    SAUNDERS     COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA 


D 


tflOLOGt 
UBRAKY 


To 
3fotyn  1.  iraurr,  M.  i.,  &r.  1.,  iCSI.  1.. 

as  a  slight  tribute  to  his  influence  as  a  friend,  a  teacher, 

and  a  surgeon 

this  volume  is  affectionately  dedicated 


743706 


PREFACE 


The  present  volume  is  practically  a  repetition  of  the  author's 
instruction  in  bandaging  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  intended  for  beginners  and,  therefore,  an  attempt  has 
been  made  to  follow  the  course  of  each  bandage  in  detail,  so 
that  the  student,  when  studying  the  turns  in  the  absence  of  a 
teacher,  may  not  make  false  ones  which  must  be  corrected  later. 

To  overcome  some  of  the  deterioration  in  the  Art  of  Ban- 
daging resulting  from  the  too  prevalent  use  of  the  gauze 
roller,  it  is  strongly  recommended  that  muslin  be  used  by  all 
beginners.  They  may  thus  learn  how  a  perfect  bandage 
should  be  applied,  and  will  soon  discover  that  a  similar  ban- 
dage, except  in  a  few  instances,  cannot  be  applied  with  gauze. 

The  illustrations  of  bandages  used  to  amplify  the  instruc- 
tions in  the  text  are  reproductions  of  photographs.  It  was 
thought  that  the  student  could  obtain  a  better  idea  of  the 
appearance  of  the  completed  bandage  from  such  illustrations 
than  from  any  drawn  diagramatically.  The  rollers  used  in 
applying  the  bandages  for  the  photographer  were  blackened 
on  the  edges  with  waterproof  ink,  so  that  '^ spaces,"  ''crosses," 
and  "spicas"  could  be  made  more  prominent.  Similar  rollers 
are  used  by  the  author  in  teaching  and  are  recommended  to 
the  students  when  they  are  practising  bandaging,  so  that  their 
faults  may  be  made  more  prominent  and  may  be  overcome 
early  in  their  career. 

The  author  wishes  to  express  his  gratitude  to  Dr.  Alexander 
Randall  for  many  valuable  suggestions  in  regard  to  the 
manuscript. 

A.  D.  Whiting. 

1523  Spruce  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
November,  1915. 

7 


CONTENTS 


PART   I 

The  Roller  Bandage 12 

Making  a  Roller  Bandage 15 

Plaster  Bandages 20 

Application  of  the  Roller  Bandage 24 

The  Fundamental  Bandages 30 

Special  Bandages 40 

Bandage  of  One  Finger 40 

Demigauntlet 43 

Gauntlet 44 

Spica  of  the  Thumb 47 

Bandage  of  the  Hand 48 

Spiral  Reverse  of  the  Forearm 50 

Figure-of-8  of  the  Elbow 52 

Spica  of  the  Shoulder 53 

Figure-of-8  of  Head  and  Neck 56 

Figure-of-8  of  Head  and  Chin 57 

Occipitofrontal  Bandage 58 

Oblique  of  the  Jaw 59 

Double  Oblique  of  the  Jaw 61 

Barton's  Bandage 63 

Gibson's  Bandage 65 

Monocle,  or  Bandage  of  One  Eye 66 

Binocle,  or  Bandage  of  Both  Eyes 69 

Bandage  for  the  Ear  or  Mastoid  Process 73 

Skull-Cap,  or  Recurrent  of  the  Scalp,  with  Single  Roller 74 

Skull-Cap,  or  Recurrent  of  the  Skull,  with  Double  Roller 76 

Skull-Cap,  or  Recurrent  of  the  Scalp,  with  Two  Rollers 78 

Transverse  Recurrent  of  the  Scalp 79 

Figure-of-8  of  Neck  and  Axilla 80 

Figure-of-8  of  Back  and  Shoulders 82 

Ascending  Spiral  of  the  Chest 83 

Suspensory  of  the  Breast 84 

Suspensory  of  Both  Breasts 86 

Figure-of-8  of  the  Breasts 89 

Desault's  Bandage 90 

9 


lO  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Velpeau's  Bandage 94 

Davis  Bandage  to  Confine  the  Arm  to  the  Side 96 

Crossed  Bandage  of  the  Perineum 98 

Spica  of  the  Foot 99 

Spiral  of  the  Heel,  or  the  American  Heel 102 

Bandages  of  the  Leg 105 

Spiral  Reverse  of  the  Lower  Extremity 105 

Figure-of-8  of  the  Leg 107 

Modified  Figure-of-8  of  the  Leg no 

Modified  Spiral  Reverse  of  the  Leg in 

Figure-of-8  of  the  Knee 112 

Spiral  Reverse  of  the  Thigh 113 

Spica  of  the  Groin .  115 

Double  Spica  of  the  Groin 116 

PART   II 

The  Tailed  Bandages 121 

The  Bandage  of  Scultetus 121 

The  Single  T-Bandage 122 

Double  T-Bandage 1 24 

Four-Tailed  Bandage  of  the  Scalp 125 

The  Many-Tailed  Bandage  of  the  Abdomen 127 

The  Boston  Y-Bandage 128 

PART   III 

Handkerchief  Bandages 130 

Special  Handkerchief  Bandages 132 

The  Occipitofrontal  Triangle 132 

Verticomental  Triangle 132 

Posterior  Triangle  of  the  Shoulders 133 

Thoracicoscapular  Triangle 134 

Suspensory  Triangle  of  the  Breast 136 

Brachiocervical  Triangle 137 

Triangle  of  the  Hand 137 

Sacropubic  Triangle 138 

Iliofemoral  Triangle 139 

Triangular  Knee-cap ^ • 140 

Triangle  of  the  Foot 140 

Mentovertico-occipital  Cravat 143 

The  Bisaxillary  Cravat 143 

The  Brachiocervical  Cravat 143 

Cravat  for  the  Hand 145 

Index i47 


BANDAGING 


Bandaging  is  not  an  exact  science.  It  is  an  ait  whith-  can 
be  acquired  only  through  a  correct  conception  of  the  object 
to  be  accomplished  by  a  bandage,  study  of  the  principles 
underlying  its  application,  and  persistent  practice  in  apply- 
ing it. 

Accomplishment  of  purpose,  rather  than  creation  of  a 
thing  of  beauty,  should  underlie  every  attempt  to  apply  a 
bandage.  A  "pretty"  bandage  may  not  be  properly  applied, 
it  is  not  necessarily  free  from  defects,  it  may  do  considerable 
harm;  one  properly  applied  fulfils  the  object  of  the  bandage, 
does  no  harm,  and  is  usually  pleasing  to  the  eye. 

Bandages  are  used  to  hold  dressings  or  splints  in  place; 
to  exert  pressure;  to  deplete  a  part  of  its  blood  supply;  to 
restrict  or  limit  motion;  to  support  a  part  of  the  body.  They 
are  divided  into  three  large  classes — the  roller,  the  tailed, 
and  the  handkerchief — so  named  because  of  their  physical 
characteristics  rather  than  the  uses  to  which  they  are  put. 
The  roller  bandage  affords  the  widest  range  of  usefulness,  as 
it  is  applicable  to  any  of  the  objects  of  a  bandage;  the  tailed 
bandage,  although  limited  in  its  usefulness,  is  unsurpassed 
in  certain  selected  instances;  the  handkerchief  bandage  is 
very  useful  in  emergencies  and,  with  few  exceptions,  should 
be  used  only  in  that  capacity. 


.  ;  p  PART   I 

\\\\   ""t        THE  ROLLER  BANDAGE 

A.'siiip'Qf  any  bandage  material  wound  upon  itself  into  a 
compact  Toll  is  known  as  a  roller  bandage  (Fig.  i). 

When  the  strip  is  wound  upon  itself  from  both  ends  toward 
the  center,  thus  forming  two  cylinders,  a  double  roller  is 
formed  (Fig.  2). 


Fig.  I. — Single  roller. 


Practically  any  material  capable  of  being  wound  upon  itself 
into  a  compact  roll  may  be  used  in  making  a  roller  bandage. 
The  materials  generally  used  are  muslin,  gauze,  flannel, 
flannellet,  rubber,  or  woven  elastic,  that  most  frequently  em- 
ployed being  muslin.  This  is  strong  and  firm,  has  sufficient 
body  to  make  its  application  uniform  throughout,   and  is 


THE    ROLLER    BANDAGE  1 3 

comparatively  cheap.  The  muslin  roller  should  be  used 
exclusively  by  the  beginner  in  bandaging  when  practising 
the  various  fundamental  (page  30)  and  special  (page  40) 
bandages,  and  especially  when  learning  to  make  a  roller 
bandage  by  hand. 

Gauze  is  soft  and  pUable  and  can  be  pulled  into  place  read- 
ily, is  lighter  in  weight  and  is  cooler  than  muslin,  can  be 
sterilized,  and  lends  itself  readily  to  saturation  with  an  anti- 
septic solution.     It  is  the  best  material  to  use  in  bandaging 


Fig.  2. — Double  roller. 

the  eye,  the  ear,  and  the  fingers,  but  it  is  too  light  and  flimsy 
to  be  used  when  a  firm  bandage  with  pressure  is  required. 

It  is  very  difficult  to  make  a  good  gauze-roller  by  hand. 
The  full  width  of  the  material  as  woven  should  be  made  into 
a  compact  cylinder,  preferably  by  machinery,  and  this  cylinder 
should  be  cut  into  the  desired  widths  by  means  of  a  sharp 
knife. 

Flannel  is  a  soft,  pliable  bandage  material  that  adapts  itself 
readily  to  uneven  surfaces.  It  is  of  special  value  in  eye 
bandages  (page  66)  and  as  a  soft  protective  beneath  a  plaster- 


14  BANDAGING 

of-Paris  cast.     Its  cost,   however,   practically  prohibits  its 
general  use. 

Flannellet  is  a  splendid  substitute  for  flannel  in  every  par- 
ticular, and  is  very  much  cheaper. 


Fig.  3. — Esmarch's  rubber  bandage. 

Rubber  (Fig.  3)  is  used  as  a  bandage  material  when  it  is 
desired  to  render  a  part  bloodless,  as  in  Esmarch's  method, 
or  where  pressure  is  desired  in  the  treatment  of  certain  joint 
affections,  leg  ulcers,  etc. 


Fig.  4. — Smooth  web  elastic  bandage.      Fig.  5. — "Rubberless"  elastic  bandage. 

Woven  elastic  material  may  be  used  in  place  of  a  rubber 
bandage  in  the  treatment  of  joint. affections,  and  especially  for 
support  in  varicose  conditions  of  the  lower  extremities.     An 


MAKING   A    ROLLER    BANDAGE  1 5 

elastic  woven  bandage  may  be  self-applied  with  better  effect 
than  would  result  from  the  self-apphcation  of  muslin  or  gauze. 
The  material  may  be  interwoven  with  rubber  (Fig.  4)  or  be 
rubberless  (Fig.  5). 

MAKING  A  ROLLER  BANDAGE 

A  machine-made  roller  bandage  may  be  purchased  at  almost 
any  drug-store;  those  made  of  gauze,  rubber,  or  woven  material 
should  not  be  made,  as  a  rule,  by  the  operator.  Anyone, 
however,  who  expects  to  use  bandages  must  know  how  to  make 
them  by  hand  and  by  the  bandage  machine.  The  beginner 
should  practice  this  task  with  muslin  rather  than  gauze  or 
fiannellet,  and  with  narrow  rather  than  wide  strips.  A  piece 
of  unbleached  muslin,  the  full  width  of  the  bolt  and  5  or  7 
yards  long,  should  be  obtained.  One  end  of  the  piece  is  cut 
with  scissors  into  strips  the  width  of  the  desired  bandage,  the 
first  and  last  cuts  being  a  little  more  than  the  width  of  the 
selvedge,  and  the  strips  are  torn  down  about  i  foot.  The 
operator  and  his  assistant  face  each  other,  with  the  piece  of 
muslin  between  them.  Beginning  with  the  selvedge  at  one 
side,  they  take  hold  of  alternate  strips  and  tear  the  piece 
through  its  entire  length.  The  strips  will  be  rumpled,  owing 
to  the  pulling,  and  must  be  straightened  out,  and  all  ravel- 
ings  must  be  removed  from  either  edge  of  the  strips. 

To  Roll  a  Bandage  by  Hand. — Lay  the  strip  on  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  thigh.  Fold  the  first  10  or  12  inches  on  the 
succeeding  portion ;  fold  the  folded  portion  on  itself  repeatedly, 
shortening  the  fold  each  time,  until  the  last  one  is  about  2 
inches  long.  Roll  the  folds  on  themselves  with  the  thumbs  and 
index-fingers,  using  as  much  pressure  as  possible,  to  make  the 
core  hard.  After  the  folds  have  been  rolled,  place  the  roll 
on  the  upper  part  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thigh,  and 
while  the  strip  is  held  taut  and  smooth  with  the  left  hand,  run 


i6 


BANDAGING 


the  roller  downward  under  the  fingers  and  palm  of  the  right 
hand,  with  as  much  pressure  as  possible.  Repeat  this  pro- 
cedure two  or  three  times  until  the  roll  is  large  enough  to  be 
held  between  the  thumb  and  index-finger  and  firm  enough 
to  withstand  considerable  pressure  from  end  to  end  without 
bending. 

Hold  the  roll  between  the  thumb  and  index-  or  second  finger 
of  the  left  hand,  with  the  unwound  portion  of  the  strip  leaving 


Rolling  a  bandage  by  hand. 


the  upper  surface.  Grasp  the  body  of  the  roll  between  the 
thumb  and  flexed  second  finger  of  the  right  hand,  with  the 
unwound  portion  of  the  strip  running  over  the  extended  index- 
finger  and  in  such  a  position  that  pressure  may  be  made  upon 
it  by  the  thumb  and  finger  (Fig.  6).  Hold  the  roll  firmly 
between  the  thumb  and  finger  of  the  left  hand  and  supinate 
the  right  hand,  allowing  it  to  slide  around  the  roll.     Decrease 


MAKING    A    ROLLER   BANDAGE  1 7 

the  pressure  made  on  the  axis  of  the  roll  by  the  left  thumb 
and  finger  and  pronate  the  right  hand,  exerting  sufficient 
pressure  on  the  body  of  the  roll  to  make  it  turn  on  its  long  axis. 
Repeat  these  movements  until  the  entire  strip  has  been  made 
into  a  compact  cylinder,  taking  care  to  remove  all  ravelings  as 
the  roll  is  made.  After  the  knack  of  rolling  a  bandage  has 
been  learned,  the  operation  can  be  made  more  rapid  by  pro- 
nating  and  supinating  both  hands  simultaneously,  the  left 
hand  revolving  the  cylinder  while  being  supinated,  the  right 
while  being  pronated. 


Fig.  7. — A  bandage  roller. 

A  loosely  rolled  bandage  will  not  unroll  smoothly  under  such 
tension  as  is  necessary  to  make  it  lie  snug  against  the  part. 
As  a  roller  made  by  hand  is  with  difficulty  made  compact 
enough  to  overcome  this  defect,  it  should  be  made  by  machine, 
although  it  is  essential  that  everyone  using  roller  bandages 
should  be  able  to  roll  them  fairly  well  by  hand. 

Machine  Rolling. — The  machine  used  for  rollmg  bandages, 
called  a  ''bandage  roller,"  consists  of  a  winch  with  a  series  of 


1 8  BANDAGING 

parallel  bars  through  which  the  strip  of  bandage  material  is 
passed  before  being  wound  on  the  rod,  or  shaft,  of  the  winch 
(Fig.  7).  Usually  three  parallel  bars  are  sufficient  to  fulfil 
their  purpose — viz.,  to  prevent  infolding  of  the  edges  by  mak- 
ing the  bandage  material  lie  perfectly  flat  as  it  is  wound  on 
the  shaft  of  the  winch.     This  shaft  is  square  or  hexagonal  in 


Fig.  8. — Bandage  roller  with  adjustable  guide. 

shape  and  tapers  slightly  from  the  crank  end.  On  many 
machines  there  is  an  adjustable  guide  which  slides  on  the 
shaft  and  parallel  bars.  The  machine  is  clamped  to  a  table 
(Fig.  8). 

When  using  the  bandage  roller,  pass  the  end  of  the  strip 
of  material  from  behind  forward  between  the  lower  two  parallel 
bars,   and   from  before  backward  between   the  upper  two, 


MAKING   A   ROLLER   BANDAGE 


19 


close  to  the  crank  side  of  the  winch.  Hold  the  crank  handle 
as  close  to  the  side  of  the  upright  as  possible,  turn  the  end  of  the 
strip  over  the  shaft,  close  to  the  right  upright,  and  hold  it  in 
place  with  the  left  hand,  and  with  the  right  turn  the  crank  in 
the  direction  taken  by  the  hands  of  a  clock,  so  that  the  strip 
will  be  fed  to  the  upper  surface  of  the  shaft.  As  soon  as  the 
shaft  grips  the  material,  transfer  the  left  hand  to  the  strip 
below  the  parallel  bars.  If  there  is  a  guide  on  the  machine, 
move  it  forward  until  it  touches  the  edge  of  the  strip.  Turn 
the  crank  with  the  right  hand  and  make  sufficient  traction 


Fig.  9.^ — Roller  bandage:  a,  Initial  extremity;  b,  outer  surface;  c,  inner  surface;  d, 
upper  edge  or  border;  e,  lower  edge  or  border;/,  body;  g,  terminal  extremity. 


with  the  left  to  insure  a  tight  roller.  After  the  entire  strip 
has  been  wound,  hold  the  roller  firmly  with  the  left  hand  and 
make  three  or  four  turns  with  the  crank  to  tighten  the  roll. 
Make  two  or  three  reverse  turns  with  the  crank  while  the  roll 
is  held  fast,  and  withdraw  the  shaft  from  the  bandage.  Turn 
in  the  corners  of  the  end  of  the  strip  and  fasten  the  end  with  a 
pin  or  piece  of  adhesive  plaster. 

A  roller  bandage  (Fig.  9)  consists  of  a  body,  an  initial  ex- 
tremity, the  part  first  unwound  from  the  body,  and  a  terminal 
extremity  or  end.     The  strip  composing  the  body  has  an  inner 


20  BANDAGING 

and  an  outer  surface,  the  former  lying  in  contact  with  the 
body,  and  an  upper  and  a  lower  edge  or  border. 

Width  and  Length  of  the  Roller  Bandage. — Roller  bandages 
vary  in  width  from  J  inch  to  6  inches.  Narrow  bandages, 
not  more  than  i  inch  wide,  should  be  used  when  bandaging 
the  fingers;  the  very  wide  ones  may  be  used  when  bandaging 
the  trunk.  The  most  commonly  used  rollers  range  in  width 
from  I  inch  to  3  inches,  with  gradations  of  i  inch,  and  in 
length  from  5  to  7  yards.  No  definite  length  can  be  assumed 
for  any  bandage,  as  it  is  impossible  to  calculate  the  various 
turns  that  may  be  required  to  properly  fulfil  the  objects  of  the 
bandage.  A  sufficient  number  of  turns  must  be  made  in 
every  instance  to  properly  bandage  the  part,  whether  such 
turns  require  3  or  10  yards. 

PLASTER  BANDAGES 

Plaster-of-Paris  bandages  have  superseded,  in  general  use, 
all  other  forms  of  hardening  bandages  when  a  fixed  dressing 
is  required.  SiKcate  of  soda,  starch,  and  paraffin  are  simi- 
larly used  occasionally.  They  form  a  lighter  dressing  than 
the  plaster,  but  are  more  difficult  to  apply,  are  more  expen- 
sive, and  are  not  more  efficient. 

Plaster-of-Paris  rollers  may  be  bought  in  any  drug-store, 
hermetically  sealed  in  a  tin  box.  As  a  rule  they  are  too 
tightly  rolled  and  not  readily  saturated  with  water,  as  they 
must  be  before  being  applied,  and,  therefore,  are  not  so  effi- 
cient as  those  made  by  the  operator  or  his  assistants.  The 
requisite  materials  are  a  strip  of  some  meshed  goods,  such  as 
cheese-cloth,  mosquito-netting,  or  crinoline  (crinoline  being 
far  superior  to  the  others) ,  and  a  highly  calcined  or  anhydrous 
gypsum,  generally  known  as  plaster  of  Paris.  This  is  an 
impure,  earthy  alabaster  which  has  been  deprived  of  its 
water  of  crystalHzation  by  heating.     If  exposed  to  the  air, 


PLASTER   BANDAGES  21 

especially  in  the  presence  of  moisture,  it  readily  takes  up 
some  of  this  water  of  crystallization  and  becomes  lumpy,  and 
in  that  condition  is  of  no  value  to  the  surgeon.  The  plaster 
must  be  kept  dry,  and  must  be  smooth  and  free  from  all 
granular  particles  when  used. 

To  make  a  plaster-of-Paris  roller,  take  a  strip  of  crinoline 
3  or  5  yards  long  and  3  or  4  inches  wide,  lay  it  lengthwise  on 
any  flat  surface,  but  preferably  on  a  large,  flat  pan,  and  fill 
the  meshes  with  the  plaster,  using  either  a  flexible  spatula  or 
the  fingers  to  rub  it  in.  As  the  crinoline  becomes  thoroughly 
impregnated,  roll  it  loosely  into  a  cylinder.  If  the  roller  is 
not  to  be  used  immediately,  it  should  be  wrapped  in  tissue- 
paper  and  placed  in  an  air-tight  vessel.  When  exposed  to 
the  air  the  plaster  is  changed  into  a  granular,  sandy  material 
through  its  absorption  of  moisture,  and  in  that  condition  will 
not  make  a  compact  solid  when  applied  as  a  cast.  Baking 
in  a  hot  oven  for  a  half-hour  will  greatly  improve  the  quality 
of  old  or  exposed  plaster  rollers. 

Plaster-of-Paris  bandages  may  be  made  by  drawing  the 
strip  of  crinoline,  under  a  roller,  through  a  mass  of  gypsum  in 
any  deep  vessel,  the  strip  being  loosely  wound  as  it  emerges 
from  the  plaster.  Such  rollers  are  not  so  satisfactory  as  those 
made  by  rubbing  the  plaster  into  the  meshes,  as  the  plaster 
is  not  so  evenly  distributed. 

When  a  plaster  roller  is  to  be  applied  it  must  be  immersed 
in  water,  lying  on  its  side  rather  than  its  end,  as  the  latter 
position  will  allow  more  of  the  plaster  to  drop  from  the  meshes. 
When  bubbles  of  air  cease  to  rise  from  the  roller,  it  should 
be  picked  up  by  both  ends  and  the  surplus  water  should  be 
removed  by  compressing  the  cylinder  from  end  to  end  or  by 
a  twisting  motion.  Less  plaster  will  be  displaced  by  this 
method  than  by  compressing  the  roller  and  forcing  the  water 
out  of  the  ends.     If  the  roller  is  allowed  to  remain  too  long 


22  BANDAGING 

in  the  water  the  plaster  will  "set"  in  fine  particles  like  sand; 
such  a  bandage  is  of  no  further  value.  The  ultimate  "setting" 
of  the  plaster  is  not  due  to  a  chemical  change  in  the  gypsum, 
but  is  simply  a  change  from  its  calcined  to  its  hydrous  or 
crystalline  form. 

The  part  to  which  the  plaster  is  to  be  applied  should  be 
shaved,  cleaned,  and  made  dry.  It  should  then  be  covered 
with  stockinet  (Fig.  lo)  or  a  flannel  or  flannellet  bandage. 
Bony  prominences  should  be  protected  by  a  layer  of  cotton. 

The  operator  may  wear  rubber  gloves  or  smear  the  hands 
with  vaselin,  which  will  prevent  the  plaster  sticking  to  the 
skin. 


Fig.  lo. — Tubular  stockinet. 

The  plaster  bandage  is  applied  with  the  same  turns  used  in 
the  appHcation  of  the  ordinary  roller,  with  the  exception  of 
the  "reverse."  The  turns  should  not  be  made  taut,  because 
the  strength  of  the  resulting  "cast"  does  not  depend  upon  the 
tight  bandage,  but  upon  the  plaster  reinforced  by  the  crino- 
line. The  short  figure-of-8,  the  rapid  ascending  spiral,  and 
rapid  descending  spiral  turns  are  most  frequently  used.  If 
there  should  be  gapping  of  any  of  the  turns,  a  "dart"  should 
be  folded  in  the  gapping  portion. 

If  it  is  advisable  to  open  the  cast  immediately  after  its 
appHcation,  a  strip  of  zinc  about  i  inch  wide  and  long  enough 
to  extend  beyond  either  end  of  the  cast  should  be  laid,  length- 
wise of  the  part  to  be  covered,  on  the  protecting  stockinet 
or  bandage.     The  cast  may  be  incised  without  endangering 


PLASTER   BANDAGES 


23 


the  underlying  skin  by  cutting  on  this  strip,  which  should 
later  be  removed  by  traction  on  one  end. 


Fig. 


:. — Engel's  plaster-saw. 


If  the  cast  is  not  opened  at  the  time  of  apphcation,  it  may 
be  removed  when  desired  by  means  of  the  plaster-saw  (Fig, 
11),  the  plaster-knife  (Fig.  12),  and  the  plaster-shears  (Fig. 


Fig.  12. — Merrill's  plaster-knife. 

13).  The  easiest  way  to  cut  through  the  plaster  is  to  make  a 
groove  with  the  saw  or  knife  and  apply  peroxid  of  hydrogen, 
vinegar,  or  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  along  the  groove.     This 


Fig.  13. — Reed's  plaster-shears. 

application  will  soften  the  plaster  so  that  it  may  be  cut  easily 
with  the  knife  or  saw.     Repeated  applications  of  the  acid  or 


24  BANDAGING 

peroxid  will  make  the  cutting  easier.  The  last  few  layers, 
with  the  underlying  protective,  should  be  cut  with  the  blunt- 
pointed  scissors  and  the  protective  should  be  removed  with 
the  cast,  to  the  inner  surface  of  which  it  will  adhere. 

APPLICATION   OF   THE  ROLLER  BANDAGE 

Underlying  Principles. — ^A  perfect  bandage  is  one  that  ac- 
complishes its  object  by  a  combination  of  turns  so  arranged 
that  no  unnecessary  material  is  used;  by  turns  so  placed  that 
none  are  required  to  cover  underlying  defects;  by  turns  so 
applied  that  the  pressure  throughout  is  even  and  sufficient, 
but  not  more  than  enough  to  fulfil  the  requirements  of  the 
bandage.  Perfection  should  be  sought  in  every  instance; 
careless,  slovenly  bandaging  should  never  be  permitted  by 
anyone,  although  such  is  frequently  seen. 

More  perfect  bandages  would  be  applied  if  the  operator 
would  realize  that  the  bandage  should  be  allowed  to  follow 
its  natural  course  as  far  as  possible,  this  natural  course  being 
determined  by  the  fact  that  it  lies  flat  on  the  underlying  sur- 
face, with  both  edges  in  contact  with  the  surface  and  under  an 
even  tension.  If  this  natural  course  should  not  agree  with  the 
one  desired  by  the  operator,  it  should  not  be  changed  or  altered 
by  tugging  and  pulling,  as  this  would  cause  more  pressure  to 
be  exerted  by  one  edge  than  the  other,  but  a  ''reverse"  (page 
35)  should  be  made  and  the  bandage  thus  started  on  a  new 
course. 

A  bandage  should  not  "gap."  A  gap  is  made  when  the 
bandage  is  so  applied  that  while  one  edge  is  lying  firmly  against 
the  part,  the  other  edge  is  loose.  As  a  result,  the  pressure 
exerted  on  the  underlying  structures  is  uneven.  ''Gapping" 
should  be  overcome  in  every  instance  by  allowing  the  bandage 
to  follow  its  natural  course;  if  this  does  not  agree  with  the 
one  desired,  a  reverse  should  be  made,  as  stated  above,  and 


APPLICATION    OF    THE    ROLLER   BANDAGE  25 

the  turn  started  in  the  direction  required.  Covering  the 
gaps  by  subsequent  turns,  as  is  so  frequently  done,  will  hide 
these  poorly  made  ones  and  possibly  make  the  finished  band- 
age more  presentable,  but  it  will  not  remove  the  defects  of 
the  covered  turns.  When  a  turn  that  gaps  is  covered  by  one 
superimposed,  the  loose  portion  of  the  former  will  be  wrinkled 
or  folded  upon  itself  and  will  thereby  cause  markedly  uneven, 
irregular  pressure  to  be  exerted  upon  the  underlying  tissues. 

Bandages  should  be  applied,  as  far  as  possible,  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  venous  circulation,  so  that  any  pressure  that  may 
be  exerted  by  the  various  turns  will  have  a  tendency  to  empty 
the  superficial  veins  rather  than  cause  their  engorgement. 
A  rapid  descending  spiral  bandage  may  be  applied  to  a  part 
without  interference  with  the  circulation,  because  the  sub- 
sequent turns  of  the  completed  bandage  will  be  made  from 
the  distal  to  the  proximal  end  of  the  part,  thus  exerting  press- 
ure in  the  line  of  the  venous  circulation. 

When  a  bandage  does  not  cover  an  entire  extremity,  the 
portion  distal  to  the  bandage  may  become  edematous.  After 
swelling  of  the  part  begins,  it  progresses  rapidly  because  of 
the  increased  tension  of  the  lower  border  of  the  distal  turn. 
For  this  reason,  all  bandages  of  the  leg  or  forearm  should  in- 
clude turns  around  the  foot  and  hand  respectively.  An  ede- 
matous condition  of  the  tissues  will  occur,  likewise,  if  a  portion 
of  the  part  being  bandaged  is  exposed. 

Most  bandages  are  made  secure  by  their  proper  applica- 
tion; therefore  security  should  not  be  obtained  by  reduplica- 
tion of  turns  run  in  various  directions.  When  proper  appli- 
cation does  not  afford  the  desired  security,  strips  of  adhesive 
plaster  should  be  laid  across  the  various  turns.  They  may 
be  pinned  or  tacked  with  a  needle  and  thread,  but  both  meth- 
ods are  inferior  to  the  use  of  adhesive  plaster.  Ordinary 
pins  should  seldom  be  used,  because  they  are  easily  displaced 


26  BANDAGING 

and  because  they  may  prick  the  patient.  Safety-pins  do 
not  present  the  same  objections. 

A  turn  is  made  by  carrying  the  bandage  around  or  over  a 
part.  These  rounds  or  turns  are  designated,  according  to  their 
general  characteristics,  as  the  circular,  the  rapid  ascending 
spiral,  the  rapid  descending  spiral,  the  slow  ascending  spiral, 
the  slow  descending  spiral,  the  reverse,  the  recurrent,  and  the 
figure-of-8  turn.  For  convenience  of  study  and  practice  they 
are  grouped  to  form  what  are  known  as  the  ''fundamental 
bandages"  (p.  30).  As  they  are  the  foundation  of  all  special 
bandages,  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their  application  is  essen- 
tial to  the  mastery  of  the  art  of  bandaging. 

Spacing  is  accomplished  by  overlapping  the  various  turns. 
The  spaces  thus  made  should  equal,  with  few  exceptions,  about 
one-third  of  the  width  of  the  bandage,  two-thirds  of  the  un- 
derl3dng  turn  being  covered  by  the  one  superimposed,  the 
remaining  one- third  being  exposed  or  uncovered.  It  must  be 
remembered  that  each  added  layer  of  bandage  increases  the 
pressure  on  the  underlying  structures.  This  pressure  will  be 
practically  uniform  throughout  if  the  spaces  are  made  equal 
and  if  the  various  turns  are  applied  with  an  even  tension. 

Crosses  are  made  by  reverse  or  figure-of-8  turns,  the  latter 
usually  forming  a  series  known  as  a  spica.  When  they  are 
made  in  bandaging  the  extremities,  they  should  run  in  a 
straight  line,  parallel  with  the  long  axis  of  the  part,  and  should 
be  placed  over  a  fleshy  portion  of  the  limb  rather  than  directly 
over  a  poorly  covered  bone,  such  as  the  ''shin-bone."  Crosses 
will  run  in  a  straight  Hne  if  the  spaces  on  either  side  are  equal 
in  width;  if  they  are  unequal,  the  line  of  crosses  will  be  de- 
flected toward  the  wider  space. 

Beginning  a  Bandage  (Fig.  14). — Hold  the  roller  in  the  right 
hand  between  the  thumb  and  the  second  and  ring  fingers 
with  the  index-  and  Httle  fingers  resting  on  the  upper  and 


APPLICATION    OF    THE    ROLLER   BANDAGE 


27 


lower  borders  respectively,  the  body  of  the  roller  being  an- 
terior or  uppermost  and  the  initial  extremity  coming  from 
the  posterior  or  lowermost  portion.  Grasp  the  initial  extrem- 
ity with  the  left  hand  and  unwind  6  or  8  inches  of  the  bandage 
by  making  traction  with  the  left  hand  while  the  roll  revolves 
in  the  right. 


Beginning  a  bandage;  method  of  holding. 


To  fasten  the  initial  extremity: 

Circular  Method  (Fig.  15). — Lay  the  outer  surface  (page 
19)  of  the  bandage  on  the  part  and  hold  it  in  place  with  the 
left  hand.  Carry  the  roller  toward  the  right  with  the  right 
hand.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  body  of  the  roller  leaves  the 
inner  surface  of  the  bandage  and  unwinds  away  from  the 
part.     As  the  roller  nears  the  posterior  portion  of  the  part 


28 


BANDAGING 


being  bandaged,  hold  the  initial  extremity  with  the  thumb 
of  the  right  hand  and  take  the  roller  in  the  left.     Carry  the 


Fig.  15. — Circular  method  of  fastening  the  initial  extremity. 

roller  forward  with  the  left  hand  and  exactly  cover  the  initial 
extremity.     Repeat  this  turn  two  or  three  times,  but  do  not 


Fig.  16. — ^The  oblique  method  of  fastening  the  initial  extremity. 

forget  that  every  superimposed  turn  increases  the  pressure 
on  the  underlying  structures,  and  that  these  circular  turns, 
therefore,  should  not  be  made  more  snug  than  necessary. 


APPLICATION    OF    THE    ROLLER    BANDAGE  29 

The  Oblique  Method  (Fig.  i6). — When  the  bandage  is  to 
descend  before  ascending  on  the  part,  as  in  all  bandages  of  the 
forearm  and  leg,  the  oblique  method  of  fixation  of  the  initial 
extremity  is  preferred  to  the  circular,  because  it  holds  the  end 
more  firmly  and  does  not  exert  so  much  pressure. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  obliquely  across  the  part  from 
before  backward  (or  from  below  upward)  and  from  left  to 
right.  Hold  the  end  in  place  with  the  left  hand  and  carry  the 
roller  toward  the  right  and  backward  with  the  right  hand. 
As  the  roller  nears  the  posterior  surface  of  the  part  being 
bandaged,  hold  the  initial  extremity  with  the  thumb  of  the 
right  hand  and  grasp  the  roller  with  the  left.  Carry  the  roller 
forward  with  the  left  hand  and  secure  the  initial  extremity 
by  crossing  it  obliquely  from  behind  forward  (or  from  above 
downward). 

Ending  a  Bandage. — After  the  bandage  has  been  completed, 
cut  off  any  surplus  material  or  make  a  couple  of  extra  turns 
to  exhaust  it.  Turn  under  the  comers  of  the  terminal  ex- 
tremity or  end  and  fasten  it  with  a  piece  of  adhesive  plaster 
or  a  pin.  When  neither  is  available,  tear  or  spHt  the  end  of 
the  bandage  for  a  distance  equal  to  the  circumference  of  the 
part.  Make  a  single  knot  close  to  the  unslit  portion  of  the 
bandage  to  prevent  further  spHtting  and  then  tie  the  two  ends 
around  the  part. 

Removing  a  Bandage. — When  a  bandage  is  to  be  removed, 
unfasten  the  terminal  extremity  or  end  and  make  a  loose  roll 
which  winds  up  toward  the  part.  Pass  the  roll  from  hand  to 
hand  around  the  part  in  such  a  manner  that  each  turn  will 
be  wound  upon  the  roll.  This  method  is  not  applicable  to  the 
removal  of  a  finger  bandage.  When  removing  a  bandage  from 
the  finger,  unfasten  the  terminal  extremity  or  end  and  carry  it 
to  the  end  of  the  finger.  Make  gentle  traction  on  the  bandage 
and  follow  the  unwinding  turn  around  the  end  of  the  finger. 


30  BANDAGING 

THE  FUNDAMENTAL  BANDAGES 

It  is  impossible  to  pay  too  much  attention  to  the  ^'funda- 
mental bandages."  Almost  every  special  bandage  is  a  com- 
bination of  fundamental  turns,  and  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  latter  will  make  the  study  of  the  former  much  more 
interesting  and  their  application  much  less  confusing. 

All  of  the  fundamental  and  special  bandages  to  be  described 
are  applicable  to  the  naked  part.     Many  alterations  from  the 


Fig.  17. — Circular  bandage. 

prescribed  turns  may  have  to  be  made  when  a  large  dressing 
is  to  be  held  in  place  or  when  a  splint  is  to  be  applied.  A 
different  combination  of  the  fundamental  turns  may  be  re- 
quired, but  a  thorough  knowledge  of  them  will  make  their  use 
so  easy  that  a  perfect  bandage  (page  24)  will  result  in  a  major- 
ity of  cases. 

Unless  otherwise  designated,  all  bandages  are  described  as 
being  applied  by  a  right-handed  operator,  and  all  turns,  ex- 
cept the  recurrent,  are  made  clockwise,  that  is,  in  the  direc- 


THE    FUNDAMENTAL   BANDAGES  3 1 

tion  the  hands  of  a  clock  travel  as  you  face  it,  from  left  to 
right.  Every  one  should  practice  bandaging  left  handed, 
with  the  turns  made  contra-clockwise,  as  a  number  of  the 


Fig.  1 8. — Rapid  ascending  spiral  bandage. 

special  bandages,  such  as  the  monocle  (page  66)  or  the  oblique 
of  the  jaw  (page  59),  may  have  to  be  so  applied.  Ambi- 
dexterity is  as  valuable  in  bandaging  as  in  any  other  line  of 
work. 


32 


BANDAGING 


The  Circular  Bandage  (Fig.  17). — Lay  the  outer  surface 
of  the  initial  extremity  on  the  part  and  hold  it  in  place  with 
the  left  hand.  Carry  the  roller  toward  the  right  with  the 
right  hand.  When  the  roller  has  about  half -circled  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  part,  hold  the  initial  extremity  with  the 
thumb  of  the  right  hand,  and  take  the  roller  in  the  left. 
Carry  the  roller  forward  with  the  left  hand  and  exactly  cover 


Rapid  descending  spiral  bandage. 


the  initial  extremity.  Repeat  the  turn  two  or  three  times, 
each  superimposed  layer  exactly  covering  the  previous  one. 

The  Rapid  Ascending  Spiral  Bandage  (Fig.  18).— Fasten 
the  initial  extremity  with  a  circular  turn  and  carry  the  roller 
in  a  wide  spiral  from  the  distal  toward  the  proximal  part  of 
a  limb. 

The  Rapid  Descending  Spiral  Bandage  (Fig.  19).— Fasten 


THE  FUNDAMENTAL  BANDAGES 


33 


the  initial  extremity  with  a  circular  turn  and  carry  the  roller 

in  a  wide  spiral  from  the  proximal  to  the  distal  part  of  a  limb. 

The  rapid  spiral  turns  are  used  principally  as  a  substitute 

for  an  assistant  in  holding  a  dressing  in  place,  thus  allowing 


Fig.  20. — The  slow  ascending  spiral  bandage. 

the  operator  greater  freedom  of  the  hands  in  applying  the 
bandage  which  will  properly  cover  and  secure  the  dressing. 
They  are  applicable  to  either  cylindric  or  conical  parts. 
3 


34  BANDAGING 

The  Slow  Ascending  Spiral  Bandage  (Fig.  20). — Fasten 
the  initial  extremity  with  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist, 
carrying  the  roller  clockwise.  Carry  the  roller  sHghtly  up- 
ward, forming  a  space  (page  26)  equal  to  one-third  of  the  width 
of  the  bandage.  Continue  these  turns  up  the  forearm  and 
arm,  with  the  forearm  extended,  making  the  spaces  exactly 
even  throughout,  until  the  shoulder  is  reached. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  turns  He  fiat  on  the  lower  part  of 
the  forearm;  that  they  gap  (page  24)  as  the  forearm  increases 
in  size  and  becomes  conical  in  shape;  that  they  He  flat  near  the 
elbow  and  on  the  arm  until  the  insertion  of  the  deltoid  is 
reached,  where  they  again  gap.  From  this  it  is  seen  that  the 
slow  ascending  spiral  turns  are  properly  applicable  to  a  cylin- 
dric,  but  should  not  be  used  on  a  conical,  part,  because  on  the 
latter  the  turns  do  not  lie  flat  and,  as  a  consequence,  pressure 
is  exerted  by  the  upper  portion  of  the  bandage,  while  the  lower 
portion  does  not  come  in  contact  with  the  part. 

The  Slow  Descending  Spiral  Bandage  (Fig.  21). — Fasten 
the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  upper 
part  of  the  arm,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise.  Carry  the 
roller  slightly  downward,  making  a  space  (page  26)  equal 
to  one-third  of  the  width  of  the  bandage.  Continue  these 
turns  down  the  arm  and  forearm,  with  the  forearm  extended, 
making  the  spaces  exactly  even,  until  the  wrist  is  reached. 

A  glance  will  show  a  bandage  that  appears  to  He  flat  through- 
out. A  dissection  of  it,  however,  will  show  many  faults  that 
have  been  covered  up  by  superimposed  turns.  Just  as  much 
* 'gapping"  occurred  on  the  conical  parts  as  was  seen  in  the 
slow  ascending  spiral  bandage,  but  the  gapping  portions  have 
been  wrinkled  or  folded  up  and  hidden  by  the  subsequent 
turns.  As  a  consequence,  irregular  pressure  is  exerted  on  the 
underlying  parts.  The  slow  descending  spiral  bandage  may 
be  a  ''pretty"  one,  but  it  does  not  fulfil  the  requirements  of  a 


THE  FUNDAMENTAL  BANDAGES 


35 


perfect  bandage  (page  24).  It  should  never  be  used  on  a 
conical  part  and  very  seldom  on  a  cylindric  part,  except  the 
thorax  or  abdomen,  because  all  bandages  should  be  applied, 
as  far  as  possible,  in  the  direction  of  the  venous  circulation,  so 
that  any  pressure  exerted  by  the  various  turns  will  have  a 
tendency  to  empty  the  superficial  veins  rather  than  cause 


Fig.  21. — The  slow  descending  spiral  bandage. 

their  engorgement.     The  slow  descending  spiral  is  a  splendid 
example  of  a  very  defective  bandage. 

The  Reverse. — To  prevent  gapping  (page  24)  when  a 
conical  part  is  being  bandaged,  the  bandage  should  be  allowed 
to  follow  its  natural  course,  that  is,  it  should  be  allowed  to 
lie  flat,  with  both  edges  under  equal  tension  upon  the  under- 
lying structure.     If  the  bandage  were  to  be  continued  in  this 


36 


BANDAGING 


direction,  however,  it  might  not  agree  with  the  course  desired 
by  the  operator.  To  return  it  to  the  desired  course  a  reverse 
is  made.  This  reverse  not  only  changes  the  direction  of  the 
bandage,  but  it  also  alters  the  relation  of  the  parts  of  the 
roller  (page  19)  to  the  part  being  bandaged. 

To  make  a  reverse:  Hold  in  position,  with  the  thumb  of 
the  left  hand,  the  lower  edge  of  the  properly  placed  turn. 
Unwind  the  roller  for  a  distance  about  equal  to  twice  the  width 


^^^^^g^^^^S: 


'i^^^i;<:''^i^^^^i-0^^^0^ 


'm 


Fig.  22. — The  first  step  in  making  a  reverse. 

of  the  bandage  (Fig.  22);  allow  the  unwound  portion  to  be- 
come slack;  pronate  the  right  hand  and  carry  the  roller  toward 
the  median  Hne  of  the  part  and  downward,  parallel  with  the 
long  axis  of  the  part  (Fig.  23),  until  it  is  slightly  below  the 
left  thumb,  and  then  obliquely  around  the  part  being  ban- 
daged (Fig.  24).  This  movement  will  turn  the  slack  portion 
of  the  bandage  on  itself,  the  upper  border  will  He  lowermost, 
the  internal  surface,  instead  of  the  external,  will  come  in 


THE   FUNDAMENTAL   BANDAGES 


37 


Fig.  23. — The  second  step  in  making  a  reverse. 


Fig.  24. — The  third  step  in  making  a  reverse. 


contact  with  the  part,  and  the  roller  will  unwind  toward  the 
part  instead  of  away  from  it.     Normal  relations  will  be  re- 


38  BANDAGING 

stored  when  a  second  reverse  is  made.  It  is  essential  that  the 
bandage  should  be  slack  when  the  reverse  is  made  so  that  the 
bandage  will  be  simply  folded  on  itself,  rather  than  twisted, 
as  it  would  be  if  it  were  taut.  A  twisted  turn  will  produce 
uneven  pressure  and  be  very  uncomfortable  to  the  patient. 
It  is  also  unsightly. 

The  Spiral  Reverse  Bandage  (see  Fig.  34). — The  spiral  re- 
verse bandage  consists  of  a  number  of  consecutive  spiral  turns 


Fig.  25. — Figure-of-8  bandage. 

that  have  been  reversed.  If  properly  appHed,  the  reverses,  or 
the  crosses  made  by  the  reverses,  will  lie  in  a  straight  line 
parallel  with  the  long  axis  of  the  part.  The  crosses  will  lie 
in  the  desired  straight  line,  invariably,  if  the  spaces  on  either 
side  of  the  crosses  are  of  exactly  the  same  width.  If  the 
spaces  vary  in  width,  the  line  of  crosses  will  deviate  toward  the 
wider  space.     As  a  series  of  reverses,  if  properly  made,  forms 


THE  FUNDAMENTAL  BANDAGES 


39 


a  very  presentable  bandage,  there  is  a  great  tendency  to  use 
the  reverse  much  more  often  than  is  necessary.  It  should 
be  used  only  when  the  natural  course  of  the  bandage  is  not  the 
course  desired  by  the  operator  (page  24). 

The  Figure-of-8  Bandage  (Fig.  25). — The  figure-of-8  ban- 
dage consists  of  two  loops  and  a  cross  made  in  the  form  of 
the  figure  8.     Either  loop,  both  loops,  or  the  cross  may  be 


Fig.  26. — ^The  recurrent  bandage. 

utilized  in  holding  a  dressing  in  place.  When  a  series  of 
ligure-of-8  turns  are  applied,  with  proper  spacing  between 
them,  they  form  an  imbrication  generally  known  as  a  spica 
(see  Fig.  32). 

Flex  the  forearm  on  the  arm.  Fasten  the  initial  extremity 
by  a  circular  turn  around  the  upper  part  of  the  forearm. 
Carry  the  roller  obHquely  across  the  inner  surface  of  the 
bend  of  the  elbow,  around  the  posterior  surface  of  the  lower 


40  BANDAGING 

part  of  the  arm,  obliquely  downward  and  inward  over  the 
first  oblique  turn  over  the  inner  surface  of  the  bend  of  the 
elbow,  and  back  to  the  point  of  starting.  This  illustrates 
the  figure-of-8  turn,  one  loop  being  around  the  forearm,  one 
around  the  arm,  with  the  cross  over  the  inner  surface  of  the 
bend  of  the  elbow. 

The  Recurrent  Bandage  (Fig.  26). — As  their  name  implies, 
recurrent  turns  recur  over  the  part  being  bandaged,  as  is  seen 
in  covering  the  top  of  the  head,  the  end  of  a  finger,  or  the  end 
of  a  stump. 

Hold  the  initial  extremity  on  the  base  of  a  finger,  and 
carry  the  roller  forward  along  the  dorsum  of  the  finger,  over 
the  end,  and  backward  along  the  palmar  surface  of  the  finger. 
Then  carry  it  forward  and  along  the  palmar  surface  of  the 
finger,  over  the  end,  and  backward  along  the  dorsum.  These 
are  recurrent  turns.  They  are  held  in  place  by  various  turns 
entirely  covering  them  or  by  circular  turns  which  fasten  their 
ends. 

SPECIAL  BANDAGES 

BANDAGE   OF   ONE   FINGER.     (Fig.  27.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  or  a  spHnt  on  a  finger. 

Roller  I  inch  wide. 

The  finger,  with  the  hand  pronated,  should  be  extended 
toward  the  operator. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
wrist,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise  over  the  back  of  the  wrist. 
Carry  the  roller  from  the  side  of  the  wrist  on  which  it  ascends 
obhquely  forward  across  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  base  of  the  finger,  and  then  to  the  tip  of  the 
finger  by  rapid  descending  spiral  turns.  If  the  tip  of  the 
finger  is  to  be  covered,  make  two  or  three  recurrent  turns 
(page  40),  carrying  them  up  the  finger  far  enough  to  make 


BANDAGE    OF   ONE   FINGER 


41 


certain  they  will  be  held  securely  in  place  by  the  subsequent 
turns,  and  making  them  so  free  over  the  tip  of  the  finger  that 
there  will  be  no  pressure  on  it  or  on  the  finger-nail.  After 
the  last  recurrent  turn  has  been  placed,  make  a  reverse  and 
carry  the  roller  around  the  distal  phalanx  of  the  finger,  from 
left  to  right,  and  then  cover  the  entire  finger  by  slow  ascend- 
ing spiral  turns  (page  34),  the  roller  being  carried  clockwise. 


Fig.  27. — Bandage  of  one  finger. 


The  spaces  should  be  even  and  should  equal  about  one-third 
the  width  of  the  bandage.  When  the  web  of  the  finger  is 
reached,  make  one  extra  turn  and  then  carry  the  roller  ob- 
Hquely  across  the  back  of  the  hand.  Complete  the  bandage 
by  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist. 

In  most  instances  the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  will  lie 
perfectly  flat.  If  they  do  not,  any  gapping  (page  24)  may  be 
overcome  by  allowing  the  bandage  to  take  its  natural  course 


42  BANDAGING 

and  completing  the  turn  with  a  reverse  (page  35)  or  by  a 
figure-of-8  turn. 

A  * 'finger  cot"  bandage  (Fig.  28)  may  be  used  instead  of 
the  one  above  described  when  the  patient  objects  to  the 
turns  around  the  wrist  and  over  the  hand.  It  is  very  easily 
displaced  and  readily  pulled  off,  although  this  objection  may 


Fig.  28. — The  "finger  cot"  bandage. 

be  overcome  by  running  a  strip  of  adhesive  plaster  over  the 
bandage  and  on  to  the  back  of  the  hand. 

Roller  I  inch  wide. 

The  finger  should  be  extended,  with  the  hand  pronated, 
toward  the  operator. 

Cover  the  tip  of  the  finger  by  two  or  three  recurrent  turns 
(page  40) ,  carrying  them  up  the  finger  far  enough  to  make 
certain  they  will  be  securely  held  in  place  by  the  subsequent 


DEMIGAUNTLET  43 

turns,  and  making  them  so  free  over  the  tip  of  the  finger  that 
no  pressure  will  be  exerted  on  it  or  on  the  finger-nail.  After 
the  last  recurrent  turn  has  been  placed,  make  a  reverse  near 
the  end  of  the  finger  and  cover  the  entire  finger  by  slow 
ascending  spiral  turns  (page  34),  carrying  the  roller  clockwise 
and  making  the  spaces  equal  and  about  one-third  the  width  of 
the  bandage.     Fasten  the  end  by  a  strip  of  adhesive. 

DEMIGAUNTLET.     (Fig.  29.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  the  back  of  the  hand. 
Roller  I  inch  wide. 

The  hand  should  be  pronated  and  extended  toward  the 
operator. 


'  Fig.  29. — The  demigauntlet. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
wrist,  the  roller  passing  clockwise  across  the  back  of  the 


44  BANDAGING 

wrist.  Carry  the  roller  forward  to  the  dorsum  of  the  digit 
nearest  to  the  roller  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  wrist.  (This 
would  be  to  the  little  finger  on  the  right  hand,  and  to  the 
thumb  on  the  left  hand.)  Make  a  loop  around  the  base  of 
the  digit,  carry  the  roller  obliquely  across  the  back  of  the 
hand  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  wrist,  and  make  a  circular 
turn.  Carry  the  roller  to  the  base  of  the  next  digit,  make  a 
loop  around  its  base,  and  return  obHquely  across  the  dorsum 
of  the  hand  to  the  wrist.  Make  a  circular  turn  and  repeat 
the  same  procedure  until  the  base  of  each  digit  has  been 
looped.  Complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around 
the  wrist. 

If  the  bandage  has  been  applied  as  described,  the  palm 
will  be  free  from  all  turns,  and  the  crosses  on  the  back  of  the 
hand  will  be  interwoven  and  thus  made  more  secure. 

(The  usual  description — Wharton,  Hopkins,  Eliason — of 
the  demigauntlet  carries  the  first  oblique  turn  across  the  dor- 
sum of  the  hand  to  the  base  of  the  digit  most  distant  from  the 
roller  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  wrist,  and  works  toward 
the  nearest.  This  procedure  prevents  interweaving  of  the 
turns  on  the  dorsum  of  the  hand,  thus  making  the  com- 
pleted bandage  more  liable  to  displacement.  Wharton 
fixes  his  turns  by  an  oblique  one  ''across  the  back  of  the 
hand,  passing  between  the  index-finger  and  the  thumb." 
Davis  interweaves  his  turns.) 

THE   GAUNTLET.     (Fig.  30.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  or  splints  on  the  fingers  and 
back  of  the  hand.  The  turns  are  appHcable  to  as  many  fingers 
as  require  treatment. 

Roller  I  inch  wide. 

The  hand  should  be  extended,  in  pronation,  toward  the 
operator. 


THE    GAUNTLET  45 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
wrist,  the  roller  passing  clockwise  over  the  back  of  the. wrist. 
Carry  the  roller  forward  to  the  dorsum  of  the  base  of  the 
digit  nearest  to  the  roller  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  wrist. 
(This  would  be  to  the  little  finger  of  the  right  hand  and  to  the 
thumb  on  the  left  hand.)     Carry  the  roller  by  rapid  descend- 


Fig.  30. — The  gaimtiet. 

ing  spiral  turns  (page  32)  to  the  middle  of  the  distal  phalanx. 
Make  a  circular  turn  and  then  cover  the  finger  by  slow  ascend- 
ing spiral  turns  (page  34),  making  the  spaces  equal  one- third 
the  width  of  the  bandage,  until  the  web  of  the  finger  is  reached. 
Carry  the  roller  obliquely  across  the  back  of  the  hand,  from 
left  to  right,  and  make  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist. 


46  BANDAGING 

Carry  the  roller  obliquely  forward  across  the  back  of  the 
hand  to  the  dorsum  of  the  base  of  the  next  finger  and  bandage 
it  in  the  same  manner  as  the  first.  Repeat  the  same  pro- 
cedure until  the  remaining  fingers  are  bandaged,  and  com- 
plete the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist. 


Fig.  31. — The  gauntlet — palmar  view. 

In  placing  the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  do  not  attempt 
to  pass  the  roller  between  the  fingers.  Allow  the  fingers  to 
remain  straight.  When  the  roller  reaches  the  back  of  the 
finger,  hold  the  turn  between  the  thumb  and  index-finger  of 
the  left  hand.  Unroll  the  bandage  far  enough  to  allow  the 
roller  to  be  carried  beyond  the  ends  of  the  fingers,  and  then 
slip  the  single  thickness  of  bandage,  edgewise,  between  the 


SPICA   OF   THE   THUMB  47 

fingers  and  complete  the  turn.  Pass  the  roller  to  the  left 
hand;  hold  the  turn  between  the  thumb  and  index-finger 
of  the  right  hand;  carry  the  roller  beyond  the  ends  of  the 
fingers,  and  slip  the  single  thickness  of  bandage,  edgewise, 
between  the  fingers  and  carry  it  to  its  proper  position.  In 
this  manner  a  complete  gauntlet  may  be  applied  with  Httle 
discomfort  to  the  patient,  who  might  be  caused  considerable 
pain  by  attempts  to  force  the  roller  between  the  fingers,  or 
by  holding  the  fingers  "out  of  the  way"  in  a  flexed  position. 
If  the  bandage  has  been  appUed  as  described,  the  palm  will 
be  free  from  all  turns  (Fig.  31)  and  the  crosses  on  the  back  of 
the  hand  will  be  interwoven  and  thus  made  more  secure 
(see  Fig.  30). 

SPICA   OF   THE   THUMB.     (Fig.  32.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  or  splint  on  the  thumb  or  as  a 
part  of  a  gauntlet  bandage  (page  44). 


Spica  of  the  thumb. 


Roller  I  inch  or  ij  inches  wide. 

The  hand  and  forearm,  in  semipronation,  should  be  ex- 
tended toward  the  operator. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
wrist,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise.     Carry  the  roller  from 


48  BANDAGING 

the  side  of  the  wrist  on  which  it  ascends  obliquely  forward  to 
the  root  of  the  thumb  and  then  by  rapid  descending  spiral 
turns  (page  32)  to  its  tip.  If  the  end  of  the  thumb  is  to  be 
covered,  make  two  or  three  recurrent  turns  (page  40),  carry- 
ing them  far  enough  up  the  thumb  to  make  certain  they  will 
be  held  securely  in  place  by  the  subsequent  turns,  and  making 
them  so  free  over  the  tip  that  there  will  be  no  pressure  on  it  or 
on  the  thumb-nail.  After  the  last  recurrent  turn  has  been 
made,  make  a  reverse  and  carry  the  roller,  clockwise,  around 
the  distal  phalanx.  Cover  the  thumb  as  far  as  the  beginning 
of  its  web  with  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  (page  34),  with 
spaces  even  and  equal  to  about  one-third  the  width  of  the 
bandage.  When  the  web  has  been  reached,  carry  the  roller 
obhquely  upward  over  the  dorsum  of  the  thumb  to  the  wrist, 
around  the  wrist  and  back  to  the  thumb,  where  it  crosses  the 
preceding  oblique  turn  in  the  median  line  and  completes  a 
figure-of-8  (page  39).  Repeat  these  figure-of-8  turns  with 
ascending  spaces  until  the  entire  thumb  has  been  covered. 
Complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist. 

It  will  be  noted  that  one  set  of  loops  is  made  around  the 
wrist,  the  other  around  the  thumb,  with  the  crosses  in  the 
median  line  in  the  form  of  an  imbrication,  generally  known  as 
a  spica  (page  39). 

BANDAGE   OF   THE   HAND.     (Fig.  33) 

Uses. — To  retain  a  dressing  or  a  splint  on  the  hand,  or  as 
the  first  part  of  a  bandage  of  the  forearm. 

Roller  2  inches  wide. 

The  hand  should  be  extended,  in  pronation,  toward  the 
operator. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  at  the  wrist  by  the  circular  or 
oblique  method  (page  28),  carrying  the  roller  clockwise.  As 
it  ascends  in  circling  the  wrist,  carry  it,  in  its  natural  course. 


BANDAGE    OF    THE    HAND  49 

obliquely  downward  across  the  back  of  the  hand,  around  the 
border  of  the  hand,  across  the  palm  to  a  level  of  the  distal 
phalanx  of  the  finger.  Make  a  circular  turn.  As  the  roller 
ascends  after  making  the  circular  turn,  make  a  space  equal  to 
about  one-half  of  the  width  of  the  bandage.  Carry  the 
roller  obUquely  upward,  in  its  natural  course,  across  the  back 


Fig.  33 


of  the  hand  and  make  two  or  three  figure-of-8  turns  (page 
39),  one  set  of  loops  being  above  the  thumb,  the  other  below 
the  thumb,  with  the  crosses  in  the  middle  line  of  the  back  of 
the  hand.  The  last  turn  below  the  thumb  will  probably 
wrinkle  as  it  encroaches  on  the  web  of  the  thumb.  Complete 
the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  wrist,  or  continue, 
if  desired,  up  the  forearm  with  slow  ascending  spiral  turns. 
4 


50  BANDAGING 

The  figure-of-8  bandage  of  the  hand  is  more  secure  than  one 
made  with  reverses  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  although  the 
latter  are  frequently  used  in  preference  to  the  figure-of-8. 


SPIRAL  REVERSE   OF   THE   FOREARM.     (Fig.  34) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  or  sphnts  on  the  forearm. 

Bandage  2  inches  wide. 

The  hand  and  forearm  should  be  extended  toward  the 
operator  with  the  hand  pronated.  This  is  the  easiest  and 
most  natural  position  for  the  patient,  and  corresponds  with 
the  position  in  which  the  hand  naturally  hangs  by  the  side 
of  the  body. 

All  bandages  of  the  forearm  should  start  around  the  wrist 
and  be  carried  around  the  hand  either  as  a  figure-of-8  turn 
alone  or  combined  with  a  circular  turn.  These  are  advisable 
in  all  instances  because  they  tend  to  prevent  edema  of  the 
hand  and  because  they  more  surely  fix  the  initial  extremity. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  at  the  wrist  by  the  circular  or 
oblique  method,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise.  As  the  roller 
ascends  in  circHng  the  wrist,  carry  it  diagonally  across  the 
back  of  the  hand,  around  the  hand  and  diagonally  across  the 
dorsum  of  the  hand  to  the  wrist,  crossing  the  first  diagonal 
turn  in  the  median  line.  Carry  the  roller  around  the  wrist 
and  begin  covering  the  forearm  with  slow  ascending  spiral 
turns  (page  34),  making  the  spaces  (page  26)  equal  about 
one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage.  As  soon  as  the  slow 
ascending  spiral  turns  begin  to  gap  (page  24)  reverses  (page 
35)  must  be  made.  Allow  the  bandage  as  it  ascends  in  cir- 
cling the  forearm  to  take  its  natural  course,  so  that  the  ban- 
dage will  He  perfectly  flat  with  both  edges  exerting  an  even 
pressure.  This  will  throw  the  bandage  off  the  desired  course. 
To  return  the  roller  to  the  proper  direction,  unroll  the  ban- 


SPIRAL    REVERSE    OF    THE    FOREARM  5 1 

dage  for  a  distance  equal  to  twice  the  width  of  the  roller. 
Hold  the  lower  border  of  the  last  turn  with  the  thumb  of  the 
left  hand.  Allow  the  unwound  portion  of  the  bandage  to  be- 
come slack.     Pronate  the  right  hand  and  carry  the  roller 


Fig.  34. — Spiral  reverse  of  the  forearm. 

toward  the  median  line  of  the  forearm  and  downward  parallel 
with  the  long  axis  of  the  forearm  until  it  is  slightly  below  the 
left  thumb.  Carry  the  roller  to  the  right,  laying  the  upper 
border  of  the  bandage,  which  now  becomes  lowermost,  in 


52  BANDAGING 

such  a  position  that  the  space  made  will  equal  the  other 
spaces  already  made.  Carry  the  roller  toward  the  back  of 
the  forearm.  Pass  the  roller  from  the  right  to  the  left  hand 
and  pull  with  the  left  just  enough  to  make  the  reversed  turn 
He  snug  against  the  Hmb.  Carry  the  bandage  to  the  front 
of  the  forearm,  allowing  it  to  Ue  perfectly  flat  against  the 
limb,  and  pass  the  roller  to  the  right  hand.  Hold  the  lower- 
most edge  of  the  bandage  where  it  crosses  the  preceding  turn 
with  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  and  continue  as  above. 
Continue  spiral  reverse  turns  until  the  cylindric  portion  of  the 
forearm  is  reached.  Cover  the  remainder  of  the  forearm 
with  slow  ascending  spiral  turns. 

The  completed  bandage  should  show  a  line  of  crosses  in  a 
straight  line,  parallel  with  the  long  axis  of  the  forearm.  The 
spaces  must  be  even  and  regular  or  the  Hne  of  crosses  will 
deviate  from  the  straight  line  toward  the  wider  space. 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   THE  ELBOW.     (Fig.  35.) 

Uses, — To  retain  dressings  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
elbow. 

Bandage  2  inches  wide.  This  bandage  is  applicable  only 
when  the  elbow  is  somewhat  flexed. 

The  operator  should  stand  at  the  side  of  the  patient. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
elbow,  the  middle  of  the  bandage  lying  exactly  over  the  olec- 
ranon process.  Carry  the  roller  slightly  upward  and  aroimd 
the  arm,  overlapping  the  upper  half  of  the  circular  turn;  then 
sHghtly  downward  and  around  the  forearm,  overlapping  the 
lower  half  of  the  circular  turn  and  bringing  the  upper  edge  of 
this  turn  in  contact  with  the  lower  edge  of  the  preceding  one 
at  the  tip  of  the  elbow.  Then  continue  with  figure-of-8  turns 
(page  39),  one  set  of  loops  ascending  on  the  arm  and  covering 
two- thirds  of  the  preceding  turn,  the  other  descending  on  the 


SPICA    OF    THE    SHOULDER  53 

forearm  and  covering  two-thirds  of  the  preceding  turn,  the 


Fig.  35. — Figure-of-8  of  the  elbow. 

crosses  resting  on  each  other  in  the  bend  of  the  elbow.     Three 
or  four  turns  are  sufficient  usually. 

SPICA   OF   THE    SHOULDER.     (Fig.  36.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  or  splints  on  the  shoulder,  when 
the  use  of  the  arm  is  not  to  be  entirely  restricted. 
Bandage  2§  or  3  inches  wide. 


54  BANDAGING 

The  operator  should  face  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  shoulder 
to  be  bandaged. 

Fix  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
middle  of  the  arm,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise.  Carry 
the  bandage  upward  on  the  arm  with  slow  ascending  spiral 
turns  (page  34) ,  making  the  spaces  equal  one-third  the  width 
of  the  bandage.     When  gapping  is  caused  by  the  deltoid 


Fig.  36. — Spica  of  the  shoulder. 

muscle,  let  the  bandage  take  its  natural  course  as  it  ascends 
around  the  arm,  and  make  a  reverse  (page  35)  with  the 
cross  in  the  median  line  of  the  outer  or  lateral  aspect  of 
the  arm.  Continue  spiral  reverse  turns,  making  the  spaces 
uniform  and  equal  and  the  crosses  in  a  straight  line  until  the 
level  of  the  axillary  fold  is  reached.  Then  carry  the  roller 
across  the  front  of  the  chest  if  the  right  shoulder  is  being 
bandaged;  across  the  back  if  the  left  shoulder  is  being  ban- 


SPICA    OF    THE    SHOULDER  55 

daged,  below  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side  and  across  the  back 
or  front  of  the  chest,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  the  affected  arm. 
Carry  the  roller  around  the  arm,  making  the  first  cross  of  the 
spica  (page  39)  in  line  with  the  crosses  of  the  reverses.  Con- 
tinue these  figure-of-8  turns,  one  loop  around  the  body  and 
the  other  around  the  arm  and  shoulder,  with  the  crosses  in 
the  median  line  of  the  outer  or  lateral  aspect  of  the  arm, 
until  the  entire  shoulder  has  been  covered.  Fasten  the  end 
with  a  safety-pin  or  a  strip  of  adhesive  at  any  convenient 
point. 

If  the  spacing  is  not  followed  closely  when  the  figure-of-8 
turns  are  commenced,  the  bandage  will  be  defective,  as  the 
last  spiral  reverse  turn  will  be  evident  and  can  be  dislodged 
readily.  If  the  spaces  are  equal  throughout,  the  crosses  will 
be  in  a  straight  line,  it  will  be  impossible  to  see  where  the 
spiral  reverse  turns  ended  and  the  figure-of-8  turns  began, 
and  the  last  spiral  reverse  turn  will  be  well  secured. 

The  spaces  on  the  chest  should  gradually  decrease,  in  fan 
shape,  from  the  shoulder  to  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side.  If 
the  figure-of-8  turns  are  started  lower  than  the  axillary  fold, 
they  will  bind  the  arm  to  the  side  of  the  chest.  The  loops 
of  the  figure-of-8  turns  passing  under  the  axilla  of  the  affected 
side  will  be  more  or  less  wrinkled. 

If  the  dressing  to  be  held  in  place  by  the  bandage  does 
not  extend  down  the  arm,  the  spica  of  the  shoulder  may  be 
started  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  arm  at  the  level  of  the 
axillary  fold;  or  by  the  small  loop  of  the  figure-of-8  turn,  the 
initial  extremity  resting  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder 
and  being  secured  by  the  first  cross  of  the  spica. 

A  descending  spica  of  the  shoulder  is  described  by  some 
authors.  In  this  the  spica  turns  begin  high  up  on  the  neck 
and  descend  until  the  shoulder  is  properly  covered.  It  has 
no  advantages  over  the  ascending  spiral. 


56  BANDAGING 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   HEAD   AND   NECK.     (Fig.  37.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressing  on  the  back  of  the  neck. 

Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  right  temple  and  carry 
the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  and  around  the 
head  to  the  point  of  starting,  where  the  initial  extremity  is 


Fig-  37- — Figure-of-8  of  head  and  neck — posterior  view. 

secured.  Carry  the  roller  backward,  exactly  overlapping  the 
first  turn,  until  the  level  of  the  left  ear  is  reached,  and  then 
downward  to  the  median  line  of  the  back  of  the  neck.  Pass 
the  roller  to  the  left  hand  and  carry  it  downward  and  forward 
around  the  front  of  the  neck.  Pass  the  roller  to  the  right 
hand  and  carry  it  backward  to  the  mastoid,  then  upward, 
crossing  the  preceding  turn  in  the  median  line;  then  forward 


riGURE-or-8  of  head  and  chin 


57 


and  around  the  head.  Continue  the  figure-of-8  turns  with 
ascending  spaces  on  the  back  of  the  neck  until  the  dressing  is 
covered.  Complete  the  bandage  with  a  circular  turn  around 
the  head. 


FIGURE-OF-8  OF  HEAD  AND  CHIN.      (Hunter's  V-bandage,  Fig.  38.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  on  the  chin  or  lower  lip  when  it  is 
not  necessary  to  restrict  the  movement  of  the  lower  jaw. 
Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 


Fig.  38. — Figurc-of-8  of  head  and  chin. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  right  temple  and  carry 
the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  and  around  the 
head,  covering  and  fixing  the  initial  extremity.  Carry  the 
roller  horizontally  backward,  exactly  covering  the  first  turn 


58  BANDAGING 

until  it  is  over  the  left  mastoid,  then  downward  and  back- 
ward  to  the  back  of  the  neck.  Change  the  roller  to  the  left 
hand  and  carry  it  forward  along  the  right  side  of  the  jaw, 
around  the  chin,  backward,  ui  the  right  hand,  along  the  left 
side  of  the  jaw,  to  the  back  of  the  neck.  Pass  the  roller  to  the 
left  hand  and  carry  it  upward  and  forward  around  the  vault 
of  the  cranium  and  back  to  the  nape  of  the  neck.  Make 
two  or  three  of  these  figure-of-8  turns  around  the  forehead 
and  chin  and  complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around 
the  head. 

OCCIPITOFRONTAL   BANDAGE.     (Fig.  39.) 

Similar  to  a  ''bandage  for  the  front  of  the  scalp,"  described 
by  G.  G.  Davis. 

Uses.— To  hold  a  dressing  on  the  forehead,  front  part  of 
the  scalp,  or  the  occiput;  as  the  first  turns  of  the  transverse 
recurrent  bandage  of  the  scalp. 

Bandage  ij  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  right  temple  and  carry 
the  roller  toward  the  left,  horizontally,  around  the  head  to 
the  point  of  starting,  where  the  initial  extremity  is  secured. 
Continue  the  bandage  horizontally  across  the  forehead  and 
backward  until  it  reaches  the  left  ear;  then  carry  the  roller 
slightly  downward  and  around  the  occiput,  making  a  space 
which  gradually  increases  in  width  from  the  ear  to  the  median 
line  of  the  occiput,  where  it  equals  one-third  the  width  of  the 
bandage,  and  gradually  decreases  from  the  median  line  of  the 
occiput  to  the  right  ear,  where  the  bandage  crosses  the  pre- 
ceding turn.  Carry  the  roller  forward  and  around  the  fore- 
head, making  a  space  which  gradually  increases  from  the  ear 
to  the  median  line  of  the  forehead,  where  it  equals  one- third 
the  width  of  the  bandage  and  gradually  decreases  from  the 


OBLIQUE    OF    THE    JAW 


59 


median  line  of  the  forehead  to  the  left  ear,  where  it  crosses 
the  preceding  turn.  Continue  similar  turns  until  the  ban- 
dage begins  to  gap  (page  24)  either  on  the  front  part  of  the 


Fig.  39. — Occipitofrontal  bandage. 

scalp  or  below  the  occiput.  Fasten  the  end  of  the  bandage 
over  either  temple,  or  reverse  the  roller  and  complete  the 
bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  head. 

OBLIQUE   OF  THE   JAW.     (Fig.  40.) 

Uses. — For  fracture  of  the  condyle  of  the  inferior  maxilla; 
to  hold  a  dressing  on  the  lower  jaw,  under  the  chin,  or  on  the 
cheek. 

Roller  1 1  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 


6o 


BANDAGING 


Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  temple  of  the  sound 
side  and  carry  the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  to- 
ward the  temple  of  the  affected  side  and  around  the  head, 
covering  and  fixing  the  initial  extremity.  Then  carry  the 
roller  horizontally  backward,  exactly  covering  the  first  turn 
until  it  is  over  the  mastoid  process  of  the  affected  side.  Carry 
it  obHquely  downward  and  backward  around  the  head  below 
the  occiput,  forward  around  the  neck,  under  the  jaw,  and 


Fig.  40. — Oblique  of  the  jaw. 

upward  over  the  cheek  of  the  affected  side,  the  upper  edge  of 
the  bandage  hooking  on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  chin  and 
just  missing  the  angle  of  the  mouth  and  the  external  angle  of 
the  eye.  Carry  the  roller  diagonally  backward  across  the 
head,  back  of  the  ear  on  the  sound  side,  under  the  jaw  and 
vertically  upward  on  the  face,  this  turn  overlapping  the  pre- 
ceding one  to  make  a  space  which  begins  just  beyond  the  ear, 
gradually  increases  until  it  equals  about  one-third  of  the 


DOUBLE    OBLIQUE    OF    THE    JAW 


6l 


width  of  the  bandage  as  it  passes  onto  the  face,  is  even  on 
the  face  and  to  the  top  of  the  head,  and  then  gradually  de- 
creases until  the  turn  reaches  the  back  of  the  ear,  where  it 
exactly  covers  the  preceding  turn.  Make  two  or  three 
similar  turns  with  similar  spacing  until  the  lower  jaw  is 
covered.  Complete  the  bandage  by  making  a  reverse  over 
either  temple  and  carrying  a  circular  turn  around  the  head. 

DOUBLE   OBLIQUE   OF  THE    JAW.     (Fig.  41) 

Uses. — For   fracture   of   the   inferior   maxilla;   to   hold   a 
dressing  on  the  jaw. 


Fig.  41. — Double  oblique  of  the  jaw. 


Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 


The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 


62 


BANDAGING 


Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  right  temple  and  carry 
the  roller  toward  the  left,  horizontally,  around  the  head 
and  back  to  the  point  of  starting,  where  the  initial  extremity 
is  secured.  Continue  the  bandage  horizontally  across  the 
forehead  and  backward  until  it  reaches  the  left  ear;  then  ob- 
liquely downward  and  backward  below  the  occiput;  forward, 
around  the  right  side  of  the  neck;  under  the  lower  jaw;  up- 


Fig.  42. — Double  oblique  of  the  jaw  from  above. 


ward  over  the  left  cheek,  the  anterior  edge  of  the  bandage 
just  missing  the  angle  of  the  mouth  and  the  external  angle  of 
the  left  eye.  Carry  the  roller  obHquely  backward  across  the 
top  of  the  head;  downward  between  the  right  parietal  emi- 
nence and  the  right  ear;  backward  below  the  occiput;  for- 
ward around  the  left  side  of  the  neck;  under  the  lower  jaw; 
upward  over  the  right  cheek,  the  anterior  (upper)  edge  of  the 


barton's  bandage  63 

bandage  just  missing  the  angle  of  the  mouth  and  the  external 
angle  of  the  right  eye.  Carry  the  roller  over  the  head,  ob- 
Hquely,  crossing  the  first  oblique  turn  in  the  median  line 
(Fig.  42);  downward  between  the  left  parietal  eminence  and 
the  left  ear;  backward  below  the  occiput;  forward  around  the 
right  side  of  the  neck;  under  the  lower  jaw;  upward  over  the 
left  cheek,  overlapping  the  preceding  turn  two- thirds.  Fol- 
low the  preceding  turns,  spacing  on  either  side  of  the  face 
until  the  jaw  on  either  side  has  been  covered.  Complete  the 
bandage  by  making  a  reverse  turn  over  either  temple  and 
securing  the  various  turns  by  a  circular  one  around  the  head. 

BARTON'S  BANDAGE.     (Fig.  43) 

Uses. — To  hold  the  lower  jaw  firmly  against  the  upper 
with  as  much  upward  and  backward  pressure  as  required; 
to  hold  a  splint  on  the  lower  jaw;  to  hold  a  dressing  on  the 
chin;  as  a  suspension  apparatus  during  the  application  of  a 
plaster  jacket. 

Roller  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Hold  the  initial  extremity,  with  the  left  hand,  below  the 
occipital  protuberance.  Carry  the  roller  in  the  right  hand 
forward  and  upward  on  the  right  side  of  the  head  close  to, 
and  behind,  the  right  ear,  obHquely  across  the  scalp  to  the 
middle  of  the  left  temporal  region,  downward  over  the  left 
cheek,  under  the  jaw,  upward  over  the  right  cheek,  obHquely 
across  the  scalp,  crossing  the  first  turn  made  over  the  scalp 
exactly  in  the  median  line  of  the  head  (Fig.  44);  then  close 
to,  and  back  of,  the  left  ear  and  to  the  point  of  starting,  where 
the  initial  extremity  is  crossed  and  fixed.  Pass  the  roller  to 
the  left  hand  and  carry  it  horizontally  forward  along  the 
right  side  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  around  the  chin.  Change 
the  roller  to  the  right  hand  and  carry  it  backward  along  the 


64 


BANDAGING 


Fig.  43. — Barton's  bandage — side  view. 


Fig.  44. — Barton's  bandage — front  vie 


Gibson's  bandage  65 

left  side  of  the  jaw  to  the  point  of  starting.  Then  carry  the 
roller  over  the  same  course  twice  more,  each  turn  exactly 
covering  the  preceding  one.  Fasten  the  end  with  a  piece  of 
adhesive  plaster  or  a  safety-pin. 

Strips  of  adhesive  plaster  may  be  placed  over  the  final 
turn,  or  safety-pins  may  be  placed  at  the  points  of  crossing 
on  either  side  of  the  chin  and  on  top  of  the  head  to  make  the 
bandage  more  secure,  although  a  properly  applied  Barton 
bandage  will  not  require  reinforcement. 

GIBSON'S   BANDAGE.     (Fig.  45.) 

Uses. — Fracture  of  the  body  of  the  inferior  maxilla;  to 
immobilize  the  lower  jaw  after  dislocation;  to  retain  dressings 
or  splints  on  the  lower  jaw. 

Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  temple  of  the  injured 
side.  Carry  the  roller  across  the  top  of  the  head  to  the  op- 
posite temple,  downward  over  the  cheek,  under  the  jaw  and 
upward  over  the  cheek  of  the  injured  side,  to  the  point  of 
starting.  Repeat  this  turn  twice,  exactly  overlapping  the 
preceding  one.  These  vertical  turns  should  ascend  on  the 
injured  side  (Hopkins).  After  ascending  to  the  temple  the 
third  time,  make  a  reverse  which  should  be  held  with  the 
free  hand,  and  carry  the  roller  around  the  head.  Repeat 
this  turn  twice,  each  turn  exactly  covering  or  overlapping 
the  preceding  one.  Carry  the  roller  horizontally  backward 
until  it  is  over  the  mastoid  process;  then  obliquely  downward 
and  backward  around  the  nape  of  the  neck,  horizontally  for- 
ward along  the  side  of  the  lower  jaw,  around  the  chin,  and 
backward  along  the  side  of  the  jaw  to  the  nape  of  the  neck. 
Repeat  this  turn  twice,  each  turn  exactly  overlapping  the 
preceding  one.     After  the  roller  has  reached  the  nape  of  the 

5. 


66  BANDAGING 

neck  the  third  time,  make  a  reverse  and  carry  the  roller  for- 
ward over  the  top  of  the  head  in  the  median  line  to  the  fore- 
head, and  fasten  the  end  to  the  circular  turns. 

Small  safety-pins  should  be  inserted  at  the  points  of  cross- 
ing of  the  several  turns,  or  the  bandage  may  be  made  more 
secure  by  the  use  of  strips  of  adhesive  plaster.  Gibson's 
bandage  is  very  difficult  to  apply  to  a  patient  having  a  slop- 


Fig.  45. — Gibson's  bandage. 

ing  forehead,  as  the  vertical  circular  turns  have  a  tendency 
to  slide  forward.  Barton's  bandage  is  much  more  useful  in 
the  majority  of  instances  and  much  more  easily  appKed. 

MONOCLE,    OR   BANDAGE    OF   ONE   EYE.     (Fig.  46.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  one  eye  or  to  cover  one  eye 
for  protection  from  the  light. 

Bandage  ij  or  2  inches  wide.     The  material  may  be  either 


MONOCLE,  OR  BANDAGE  OF  ONE  EYE         67 

gauze,  flannel,  or  flannellet;  muslin  should  not  be  used  because 
it  is  too  stiff  and  resistant. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other.  The 
ear  on  the  affected  side  may  be  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of 
cotton. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  temple  of  the  affected 
side  and  carry  the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead 
toward  the  opposite  temple  and  around  the  head,  covering 


\-"iil.  4(). — Monoi  Ic.  or  bandage  of  one  eye. 

and  fixing  the  initial  extremity.  Carry  the  roller  horizon- 
tally backward,  exactly  covering  the  first  turn,  until  it  is 
over  the  mastoid  process  of  the  sound  side;  then  obliquely 
downward  and  around  the  head  below  the  occiput  and  for- 
ward to  the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  and  obliquely  upward  across  the 
cheek  and  over  the  eye,  the  lower  edge  of  the  bandage  lying 
against  the  root  of  the  nose,  at  the  junction  of  the  nose  with 
the   forehead    (Fig.   47).     Carry   the   roller   over   the   scalp 


68  BANDAGING 

(Fig.  47),  in  its  natural  course,  which  would  be  midway  be- 
tween the  median  line  of  the  head  and  the  ear,  and  around 
the  occiput.  Carry  it  forward,  a  space  being  made  which 
gradually  increases  from  the  back  of  the  neck  to  the  ear, 
where  it  equals  one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage,  and  grad- 
ually decreases  from  the  ear  to  the  root  of  the  nose,  where 
the  bandage  obliquely  crosses  the  previous  turn.  Carry  the 
roller  backward,  forming  a  space  which  starts  at  the  root  of 


Fig.  47. — Monocle,  or  bandage  of  one  eye — first  turn  over  eye. 

the  nose  and  gradually  increases  until  it  equals  one-third  the 
width  of  the  bandage  above  the  ear,  and  then  gradually  de- 
creases until  the  roller  crosses  the  preceding  turn  at  the  back 
of  the  neck.  Repeat  these  turns,  with  similar  spacing,  until 
the  eye  is  entirely  covered.  Usually  three  turns  around  the 
head  are  sufficient.  Complete  the  bandage  by  a  horizontal 
circular  turn  around  the  head. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  lowest  turn  on  one  side  of  the 


BINOCLE,    OR    BANDAGE    OF    BOTH    EYES  69 

head  becomes  the  highest  turn  on  the  other  side,  and  that  the 
spaces  ascend  on  one  side  and  descend  on  the  other.  The 
principal  objection  to  this  bandage  is  that  it  covers  the  ear. 

BINOCLE,    OR  BANDAGE   OF   BOTH  EYES.     (Fig.  48.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  both  eyes;  to  protect  both 
eyes. 

Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide.  The  material  may  be  gauze, 
flannel,  or  flannellet.  Muslin  should  not  be  used,  because  it 
is  too  stiff  and  resistant. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 


Fig.  48. — Binocle,  or  bandage  of  both  eyes. 

Complete  a  monocle,  or  bandage  of  the  right  eye  (page  66). 
When  the  final  horizontal  circular  turn  of  the  monocle  reaches 
the  mastoid  process  of  the  left  side,  carry  the  roller  obHquely 
downward  and  backward.  Pass  below  the  occiput  and  then 
carry  the  roller  upward  over  the  scalp  midway  between  the 


70 


BANDAGING 


median  line  of  the  head  and  the  right  ear,  forming  an  equi- 
lateral uncovered  portion  of  the  scalp  on  the  top  of  the  head 
(Fig.  49).  Carry  the  roller  obHquely  downward  over  the 
left  eye,  the  lower  edge  of  the  bandage  lying  against  the  root 
of  the  nose,  at  the  junction  of  the  nose  with  the  forehead; 


Fig.  49. — Binocle,  or  bandage  of  both  eyes- 
second  eye. 


-first  descending  turn  over  the 


obliquely  downward  over  the  left  cheek  and  around  the  side 
of  the  neck  to  the  occiput.  Carry  the  roller  over  the  head, 
forming  a  space  which  gradually  increases  from  the  occiput 
to  the  ear,  where  it  equals  one-third  the  width  of  the  ban- 
dage, and  gradually  decreases  from  the  ear  to  the  root  of  the 
nose,  where  the  bandage  crosses  the  preceding  turn.     Carry 


BINOCLE,    OR    BANDAGE    OF    BOTH   EYES  7 1 

the  roller  downward  and  backward,  forming  a  space  which 
starts  at  the  root  of  the  nose  and  gradually  increases  until 
the  ear  is  reached,  where  it  equals  one- third  the  width  of  the 
bandage,  and  gradually  decreases  from  the  ear  to  the  point 
where  the  roller  crosses  the  preceding  turn  below  the  occi- 
put. Repeat  these  turns  with  similar  spacing  until  the  left 
eye  is  entirely  covered.  Usually  three  turns  around  the 
head  are  sufficient.  Complete  the  bandage  by  a  horizontal 
circular  turn  around  the  head. 

It  will  be  noted  that  in  bandaging  both  eyes  by  this  method 
the  first  eye  is  covered  by  turns  carried  upward,  while  the 
second  eye  is  covered  by  turns  carried  downward;  and  that 
the  turns  descend  on  the  scalp  and  ascend  over  the  ear.  The 
only  objectionable  feature  to  this  bandage  is  that  both  ears 
will  be  covered. 

An  eye  bandage  used  by  Dr.  William  T.  Shoemaker  at  the 
German  Hospital  is  made  as  follows: 

To  Bandage  One  Eye. — Bandage  i|  or  2  inches  wide.  The 
material  may  be  either  gauze,  flannel,  or  fiannellet;  muslin 
should  not  be  used  because  it  is  too  stiff  and  resistant.  The 
operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other.  A  pad  or 
dressing  should  be  placed  over  the  affected  eye,  the  upper 
edge  of  the  pad  or  dressing  resting  beneath  the  supra-orbital 
ridge. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  temple  of  the  affected 
side  and  carry  the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  to- 
ward the  opposite  temple  and  around  the  head,  covering  and 
fixing  the  initial  extremity.  Carry  the  roller  horizontally 
backward,  exactly  covering  the  first  turn,  until  the  roller  is 
over  the  mastoid  process  of  the  sound  side.  Then  carry  it 
obliquely  downward  and  around  the  head  below  the  occiput; 
forward,  below  the  ear  of  the  affected  side,  and  obliquely 
upward  over  the  cheek  and  the  eye,  the  upper  edge  of  the 


72  BANDAGING 

bandage  resting  on  the  supra-orbital  ridge.  Make  slight 
traction  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  bandage,  and  carry  the 
roller  backward,  almost  completely  overlapping  the  preceding 
horizontal  turn.  Repeat  these  turns  around  the  head,  below 
the  ear  and  over  the  eye,  until  the  pad  or  dressing  is  entirely 
covered.  Complete  the  bandage  by  a  horizontal  circular 
turn  around  the  head. 

If  both  eyes  are  to  be  bandaged,  place  the  initial  extremity 
on  the  right  temple  and  carry  the  roller  horizontally  across 
the  forehead  and  around  the  head,  covering  and  fixing  the 
initial  extremity.  Carry  the  roller  horizontally  backward, 
exactly  covering  the  first  turn,  until  the  roller  is  over  the 
mastoid  process  of  the  left  side.  Then  carry  it  obHquely 
downward  and  around  the  head  below  the  occiput;  forward 
below  the  right  ear  and  obliquely  upward  over  the  cheek  and 
the  right  eye,  the  upper  edge  of  the  bandage  resting  on  the 
supra-orbital  ridge.  Make  slight  traction  on  the  upper  edge 
of  the  bandage  and  carry  the  roller  backward,  almost  com- 
pletely overlapping  the  preceding  horizontal  turn.  Con- 
tinue horizontally  around  the  head,  slightly  overlapping  the 
preceding  turn  over  the  right  ear.  When  the  middle  of  the 
forehead  is  reached,  make  slight  traction  on  the  upper  edge  of 
the  bandage,  and  carry  the  roller  downward  over  the  left  eye, 
the  upper  edge  of  the  bandage  resting  on  the  supra-orbital 
ridge.  Carry  the  roller  obUquely  downward  over  the  left 
cheek,  under  the  left  ear,  around  the  neck,  under  the  right 
ear,  obHquely  upward  over  the  right  cheek  and  eye,  almost 
completely  overlapping  the  preceding  turn.  Continue  these 
turns,  passing  alternately  upward  over  the  right  eye  and 
downward  over  the  left  eye  until  both  eyes  are  covered. 
Complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn  around  the  head. 


BANDAGE    FOR    THE    EAR    OR    MASTOID    PROCESS  73 

BANDAGE   FOR   THE   EAR   OR   MASTOID   PROCESS.     (Fig.  50.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  on  the  ear  or  mastoid  process. 
Roller   i\   or   2   inches  wide.     Either  gauze  or  flannellet 
should  be  used. 

The  operator  should  stand  at  the  side  of  the  patient. 


Fig.  50. — Bandage  for  ear  or  mastoid  process. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  temple  of  the  sound  side, 
and  carry  the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  and 
around  the  head,  covering  and  fixing  the  initial  extremity. 
Continue  along  the  same  course  until  the  temple  on  the  af- 
fected side  is  reached.     Carry  the  roller  downward  and  back- 


74  BANDAGING 

ward,  covering  and  securing  the  lowest  part  of  the  dressing, 
upward  and  backward  around  the  occiput  to  the  point  of 
starting.  Continue  similar  turns  around  the  head  and  over 
the  ear  and  mastoid,  making  spaces  which  begin  at  the  temple 
of  the  sound  side  gradually  increase  in  width  until  they  equal 
one- third  the  width  of  the  bandage  over  the  mastoid,  and 
decrease  until  the  back  of  the  head  is  reached,  where  the 
roller  overlaps  the  preceding  turn.  Continue  these  turns, 
with  similar  spacing,  until  the  entire  dressing  is  covered. 

SKULL-CAP,  OR  RECURRENT    OF    THE    SCALP,    WITH    SINGLE 
ROLLER.     (Fig.  51.) 

Uses. — To  retain  a  dressing  on  the  scalp. 

Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other.  An 
assistant  is  required;  usually  the  patient  can  act  in  this  ca- 
pacity. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  right  temple  and  carry 
the  roller  horizontally  across  the  forehead  toward  the  left 
temple  and  around  the  head  to  the  point  of  starting,  where 
the  initial  extremity  is  secured.  Carry  the  roller  again  around 
the  left  side  of  the  head,  exactly  overlapping  the  preceding 
turn,  until  the  occiput  is  reached.  Make  a  right-angle  turn, 
or  reverse,  which  must  be  held  in  place  by  an  assistant. 
Carry  the  roller  forward  over  the  top  of  the  head,  in  the 
median  line,  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  horizontal  turn.  Place 
the  forefinger  of  the  left  hand  on  the  turn  to  hold  it  firmly  in 
place  and  then  make  a  recurrent  turn  by  carrying  the  roller 
backward  over  the  top  of  the  head,  covering  one-half  of  the 
preceding  turn,  until  the  center  of  the  occiput  is  reached. 
While  an  assistant  holds  the  turn  firmly  in  place  make  a 
recurrent  turn  and  carry  the  bandage  forward  over  the  top 
of  the  head,  covering  the  exposed  portion  of  the  first  antero- 


SKULL-CAP,    OR    RECURRENT    OF    THE    SCALP  75 

posterior  turn.  Hold  this  turn  firmly  with  the  left  hand, 
make  a  recurrent  turn  backward  over  the  top  of  the  head  on 
the  same  side  of  the  median  line  as  the  last  forward  turn,  and 
making  a  space  which  increases  from  the  median  line  of  the 
forehead  to  the  line  of  the  ear,  where  it  equals  one-third  the 
width  of  the  bandage  and  decreases  from  this  point  to  the 


Fig.  51. — Skull-cap,  or  recurrent  of  the  scalp. 

center  of  the  occiput.  Carry  the  recurrent  turn  forward  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  median  Hne,  with  similar  spacing. 
Carry  the  recurrent  turn  backward  on  the  same  side  of  the 
median  Hne.  Continue  these  recurrent  turns  forward  and 
backward  on  alternate  sides  of  the  head  until  the  entire  scalp 
has  been  covered.  Complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular  turn 
around  the  head. 


76  BANDAGING 

SKULL-CAP,   OR  RECURRENT   OF   THE    SKULL,  WITH   DOUBLE 

ROLLER. 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  scalp. 
Double  roller  (page  12)  ij  or  2  inches  wide. 
The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 
Place  the  outer  surface  (page  19)  of  the  portion  of  the  ban- 
dage between  the  two  rollers  on  the  forehead  (Fig.  52)  and 


Fig.  52. — Beginning  the  recurrent  of  the  scalp  with  a  double  roller. 

carry  the  rollers  horizontally  backward  along  the  sides  of  the 
head  to  the  occiput.  Pass  the  rollers  from  hand  to  hand  and 
allow  the  roller,  now  in  the  right  hand,  to  pass  beneath  the 
turn  being  made  by  the  roller  in  the  left  hand.  Carry  the 
roller  in  the  right  hand  over  the  top  of  the  head,  in  the  me- 
dian line,  and  beyond  the  lower  edge  of  the  horizontal  turn. 
Carry  the  roller  in  the  left  hand  horizontally  forward,  exactly 
overlapping  the  preceding  horizontal  turn,  and  over  the  turn 


SKULL-CAP,  OR  RECURRENT  OF  THE  SKULL 


77 


made  by  the  roller  in  the  right  hand.  Shift  the  rollers  from 
hand  to  hand.  Carry  the  roller  in  the  left  hand  backward 
over  the  scalp,  to  the  right  of  the  median  line  and  covering 
one-half  of  the  preceding  anteroposterior  turn.  Carry  the 
roller  beyond  the  horizontal  turn  and  hold  the  strip  in  place 
by  a  horizontal  turn  made  with  the  roller  in  the  right  hand 
(Fig.  53).     Pass  the  rollers  from  hand  to  hand.     Carry  the 


Fig.  53. — Recurrent  of  the  scalp  with  double  roller  or  two  rollers — method  of 
securing  the  recurrent  turns. 


roller  in  the  right  hand  forward  to  the  left  of  the  median 
line,  covering  the  remaining  half  of  the  original  turn  over  the 
top  of  the  head.  Carry  the  roller  beyond  the  median  line 
and  hold  the  turn  in  place  by  a  horizontal  one  made  with  the 
roller  in  the  left  hand.  Pass  the  rollers  from  hand  to  hand 
and  repeat  the  recurrent  and  circular  turns,  forming  spaces 
(page  26)  with  the  former  which  begin  in  the  median  line  at 


78  BANDAGING 

the  forehead  and  occiput,  gradually  increase  until  they  equal 
one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage  above  the  ear,  and  then 
gradually  decrease  until  the  forehead  or  occiput  is  reached. 
After  the  entire  scalp  has  been  covered,  complete  the  ban- 
dage by  fastening  the  ends  at  convenient  points. 

Davis  carries  his  recurrent  turns  upward  from  the  circular 
turns  rather  than  downward  from  the  median  line. 

SKULL-CAP,     OR    RECURRENT    OF    THE    SCALP,    WITH    TWO 

ROLLERS. 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  scalp. 

Two  rollers,  one  i^  and  the  other  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  of  the  narrower  roller  by  a  cir- 
cular turn  around  the  head.  Unwind  about  6  inches  of  the 
wider  bandage  and  lay  the  unwound  portion  along  the  median 
line  of  the  scalp  with  the  initial  extremity  extending  beyond 
the  horizontal  turn  as  it  crosses  the  forehead.  Secure  the 
wider  bandage  by  a  horizontal  turn  of  the  narrower  one. 
Carry  the  wider  roller  backward  along  the  median  line  of  the 
scalp  and  beyond  the  circular  turn.  Hold  it  in  place  by  a 
horizontal  turn  of  the  narrower  roller  (see  Fig.  53).  Pass  the 
rollers  from  hand  to  hand  and  proceed  as  in  the  skull-cap  made 
with  the  double  roller  until  the  scalp  is  entirely  covered.  The 
initial  extremity  of  the  recurrent  roller  may  be  turned  upward 
over  the  circular  turns  at  any  time  and  fastened  by  the  sub- 
sequent horizontal  turn. 

When  a  skull-cap  is  put  on  according  to  either  of  the  last 
two  methods,  the  operator  must  remember  that  every  super- 
imposed turn  of  the  circular  roller  increases  the  pressure  exerted 
upon  the  underlying  structures.  If  the  circular  turns  are 
drawn  tight  there  may  be  interference  with  the  circulation  of 
the  scalp.     Either  bandage  is  superior  to  the  single  roller 


TRANSVERSE    RECURRENT    OF    THE    SCALP 


79 


skull-cap,  because  no  assistant  is  required,  because  greater 
pressure  can  be  exerted  on  the  top  of  the  scalp  if  desired,  and 
because  either  is  less  readily  displaced. 

TRANSVERSE   RECURRENT   OF   THE    SCALP.     (Fig.  54.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  scalp. 

Roller  1 1  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other  until  the 
occipitofrontal  turns  have  been  made,  after  which  the  oper- 
ator should  stand  at  the  side  of  the  patient. 


Fig.  54. — Transverse  recurrent  of  the  scalp. 


Complete  an  occipitofrontal  bandage  (page  58).  As  soon 
as  the  upper  edge  of  the  frontal  turn  begins  to  gap,  make 
recurrent  turns  (page  40)  which  extend  from  the  ear  on  one 
side,  across  the  scalp  to  the  opposite  ear,  the  spaces  made 
equalling  those  of  the  occipitofrontal  turns,  gradually  increas- 


8o  BANDAGING 

ing  from  one  ear  to  the  median  line  of  the  scalp,  and  decreas- 
ing from  the  median  line  of  the  scalp  to  the  other  ear.  Con- 
tinue the  recurrent  turns  until  the  entire  scalp,  or  as  much  of 


Fig-  55- — Transverse  recurrent  of  anterior  portion  of  scalp. 

it  as  is  necessary,  has  been  covered  (Fig.  55).     Complete  the 
bandage  by  a  horizontal  circular  turn  around  the  head. 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   NECK  AND   AXILLA.     (Fig.  56.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  shoulder  or  in  the  axilla. 

Roller  I J  or  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  should  face  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  shoulder 
to  be  bandaged. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  on  the  top  of  the  shoulder,  from 
behind  forward,  and  carry  the  roller  under  the  axilla  and 
over  the  shoulder,  fixing  the  initial  extremity  by  crossing  it  in 
the  median  line  of  the  shoulder.     Carry  the  roller  around  the 


riGURE-or-8  of  neck  and  axilla 


8i 


Fig.  56. — Figure-of-8  of  neck  and  axilla. 


Fig.  57. — Figure-of-8  of  axilla-shoulder-axilla. 

neck  and  back  to  the  point  of  starting.  Make  a  space  (page 
26)  equal  to  one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage  and  follow 
the  course  of  the  preceding  turn.  Make  as  many  as  neces- 
sary of  these  figure-of-8  (page  39)  turns,  one  loop  under  the 

6 


82 


BANDAGING 


axilla  and  the  other  around  the  neck  with  the  crosses  ascend- 
ing on  the  top  of  the  shoulder. 

A  more  firm  bandage  to  retain  dressings  on  the  top  of  the 
shoulder  may  be  made  by  carrying  the  second  loop  of  the  "8" 
under  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side,  rather  than  around  the 
neck  (Fig.  57). 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF  BACK  AND    SHOULDERS.     (Fig.  58.) 
Uses. — To  retain  dressing  in  either  axilla  or  on  the  upper 
portion  of  the  back. 


Fig.  58. — Figure-of-8  of  back  and  shoulders. 

Roller  2^  or  3  inches  wide. 
The  operator  should  face  the  patient's  back. 
Place  the  initial  extremity  under  the  left  axilla  and  carry 
the  roller  obhquely  upward  across  the  back  to  the  outer  point 


ASCENDING    SPIRAL    OF    THE    CHEST  83 

of  the  right  shoulder,  around  the  shoulder,  under  the  axilla, 
obliquely  upward  across  the  back,  crossing  the  first  oblique 
turn  ui  the  median  line  of  the  back,  to  the  outer  point  of  the 
left  shoulder,  and  under  the  left  axilla  to  the  point  of  starting. 
Continue  these  figure-of-8  turns,  with  ascending  spaces 
equal  to  about  one- third  the  width  of  the  bandage,  until  the 
dressing  has  been  covered. 


Fig.  59. — Ascending  spiral  of  the  chest. 

ASCENDING   SPIRAL   OF   THE   CHEST.     (Fig.  59.) 
Uoes.— To  support  the  chest  or  to  hold  dressings  on  the 
chest. 

Roller  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  the  patient  should  face  each  other. 


84 


BANDAGING 


Fix  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
lower  part  of  the  chest  and  cover  the  chest  with  slow  ascending 
spiral  turns  (page  34)  as  high  as  the  axillary  folds.  When  the 
spine  is  reached  in  placing  the  last  ascending  spiral  turn,  make 
a  reverse,  pin  it,  and  carry  the  roller  over  the  right  shoulder 
and  downward  over  the  anterior  surface  of  the  chest  to  the 
lowermost  ascending  spiral  turn,  where  the  bandage  is  ended. 
Fasten  the  vertical  turn  to  the  horizontal  ones  with  safety-pins. 


Fig.  60. — Suspensory  of  the  breast — anterior  view. 


SUSPENSORY   OF   THE   BREAST.     (Figs.  60  and  61.) 

Uses. — To  support  the  breast  or  to  retain  a  dressing  on  it. 

Roller  2 J  or  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 


SUSPENSORY    OF    THE    BREAST 


8s 


Place  the  initial  extremity  under  the  affected  breast  and 
carry  the  roller  toward  the  opposite  breast  and  around  the 
chest  to  the  point  of  starting,  where  the  initial  extremity  is 
covered  and  fixed.  Make  a  second  circular  turn  exactly 
overlapping  the  preceding  one  until  the  outer  border  of  the 


Fig,  6i. — Suspensory  of  the  breast — lateral  view. 


breast  is  reached.  Carry  the  roller  obHquely  upward  over 
the  lower  portion  of  the  breast,  over  the  shoulder  of  the  sound 
side  and  obliquely  downward  across  the  back  to  the  point  of 
starting  (Fig.  62).  Carry  the  roller  horizontally  around  the 
chest,  making  a  space  which  equals  about  one-half  the  width 
of  the  bandage.  Follow  the  preceding  oblique  turn  upward 
over  the  breast  and  shoulder  of  the  sound  side,  making  a 


86  BANDAGING 

space  equal  to  one-half  the  width  of  the  bandage.  Continue 
with  alternate  circular  and  oblique  turns  until  the  entire 
breast  is  covered.     The  crosses  made  by  the  circular  and 


Fig.  62. — Suspensory  of  the  breast — first  oblique  turn. 

obHque  turns  should  be  under  the  breast.  The  spaces  made 
by  the  oblique  turns  will  gradually  decrease  from  the  breast 
to  the  shoulder. 

SUSPENSORY  BANDAGE    OF   BOTH   BREASTS.     (Fig.  63.) 
Uses. — To  support  or  hold  dressing  on  both  breasts. 
Roller  2J  or  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 
Place   the  initial  extremity  under   the  right  breast  and 
carry  the  roller  toward  the  left  breast  and  around  the  chest, 


SUSPENSORY   BANDAGE    OF   BOTH   BREASTS  87 

covering  and  fixing  the  initial  extremity.  Make  a  second 
horizontal  circular  turn,  exactly  overlapping  the  preceding 
one  until  the  outer  border  of  the  right  breast  is  reached. 
Then  carry  the  roller  obliquely  upward  over  the  lower  por- 
tion of  the  breast,  over  the  left  shoulder,  diagonally  downward 
over  the  back  to  the  right  side  of  the  chest.     Follow  the 


Fig.  63. — Suspensory  bandage  of  both  breasts. 

first  horizontal  circular  turn,  making  a  space  equal  to  one- 
half  the  width  of  the  bandage  until  the  outer  border  of  the 
left  breast  is  reached.  Then  carry  the  roller  diagonally  up- 
ward across  the  back,  over  the  right  shoulder,  and  diagonally 
downward  toward  the  left  breast.  Lift  the  left  breast  with 
the  left  hand  and  carry  the  roller  under  it  and  horizontally 


88 


BANDAGING 


backward  around  the  chest  to  the  outer  border  of  the  right 
breast  (Fig.  64).  Carry  the  roller  in  the  course  of  the  up- 
ward diagonal  turn  across  the  front  of  the  chest,  making  a 
space  equal  to  one-half  the  width  of  the  bandage,  over  the 
left  shoulder,  diagonally  downward  across  the  back  to  the 
outer  border  of  the  right  breast.     Carry  the  roller  horizon- 


Fig.  64. — Suspensory  bandage  of  both  breasts — first  descending  oblique  turn. 


tally  across  the  front  of  the  chest,  making  a  space  equal  to 
one-half  the  width  of  the  bandage  until  the  outer  border  of 
the  left  breast  is  reached;  then  diagonally  upward  over  the 
back  of  the  chest,  over  the  right  shoulder,  and  diagonally 
downward  over  the  left  breast,  lifting  the  latter  with  the 
hand  before  placing  the  turn  beneath  it.  Continue  these 
turns  as  described  until  the  breasts  are  covered. 


FIGURE-OF-8    OF    THE    BREASTS  89 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   THE   BREASTS.     (Method  of  Kiwisch,  Fig.  65.) 

Uses. — To  support  and  firmly  compress  both  breasts. 
Roller  2 1  or  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 
Make  a  complete  turn  of  the  bandage  of  both  breasts 
(page  86).     Carry  the  roller  across  the  lower  borders  of  the 


Fig.  65. — Figure-of-8  of  the  breasts — method  of  Kiwisch. 

breasts,  sUghtly  obUquely  upward  across  the  back,  and 
across  the  upper  border  of  both  breasts.  Repeat  these  turns 
once,  making  a  space  equal  to  one-half  the  width  of  the  ban- 
dage (Fig.  66).  After  reaching  the  outer  border  of  the  right 
breast  the  third  time,  carry  the  bandage  under  the  breast, 
diagonally  across  the  sternum,  over  the  left  breast,  around 
the  back  of  the  chest,  over  the  upper  border  of  the  right 


90 


BANDAGING 


breast,  diagonally  downward  across  the  sternum,  and  under 
the  left  breast.  This  completes  one  figure-of-8  turn.  Make 
two  or  three  similar  turns,  with  spaces  equal  to  about  one- 


Fig.  66. — Figure-of-8  of  the  breasts — first  step 

third  the  width  of  the  bandage,  and  complete  the  bandage  by 
a  circular  turn  directly  over  the  nipples. 


DESAULT'S   BANDAGE.     (Fig.  67.) 

Uses. — For  fracture  of  the  clavicle. 
Roller  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 
This  bandage  as  described  by  Desault  consisted  of  three 
distinct  parts:  First,  a  slow  ascending  spiral  of  the  chest  to 


desault's  bandage 


91 


hold  a  wedge-shaped  pad  under  the  arm,  with  two  or  more 
figure-of-8  turns  around  the  sound  shoulder;  second,  a  slow 
descending  spiral  of  the  arm  and  chest  to  hold  the  arm  against 
the  pad  and  thus  force  the  head  of  the  humerus  outward; 
third,  an  anterior  and  posterior  axilla-shoulder-elbow  turn 
to  draw  the  shoulder  upward  and  backward.     The  first  roller 


Fig.  67. — Desault's  bandage. 


is  unnecessary,  as  the  second  secures  the  arm  to  the  side  of 
the  chest  and  thus  holds  the  pad  in  place. 

Place  a  wedge-shaped  pad  under  the  arm  of  the  injured 
side  with  the  thickest  portion  well  up  in  the  axilla.  Bring 
the  arm  against  the  pad,  with  the  forearm  flexed  at  a  right 
angle. 


92 


BANDAGING 


Place  the  initial  extremity  in  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side 
and  carry  the  roller  across  the  back  and  upper  part  of  the 
arm,  across  the  front  of  the  chest  to  the  sound  axilla,  where 
the  initial  extremity  is  secured.  Make  slow  descending  spiral 
turns  (page  34),  with  spaces  equal  to  one- third  the  width  of 
the  bandage,  until  the  entire  arm  is  covered  and  secured  firmly 


Fig.  68. — Second  roller  of  Desault. 


against  the  pad.     Fasten  the  end  with  a  strip  of  adhesive 
plaster  or  a  safety-pin  (Fig.  68). 

Place  the  initial  extremity  of  the  second  roller  in  the  axilla 
of  the  sound  side  and  carry  the  roller  obliquely  across  the 
back  to  the  top  of  the  shoulder  of  the  injured  side,  downward 
in  front  of  the  arm,  under  the  elbow  and  obliquely  upward 
across  the  back  to  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side.     Carry  the 


DESAULT  S    BANDAGE 


93 


roller  under  the  axilla,  obliquely  upward  across  the  front  of 
the  chest  to  the  top  of  the  shoulder  of  the  injured  side,  down- 
ward behind  the  arm,  under  the  elbow,  and  obliquely  upward 
across  the  chest  to  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side.  Repeat  these 
turns  twice. 

It  will  be  seen  that  two  triangles  are  formed  by  this  roller, 
one  on  the  back  and  one  on  the  front  of  the  chest,  the  base 


Fig.  69. — Tliird  roller  of  Desault — the  A-S-E  bandage. 


resting  on  the  arm  of  the  injured  side  and  the  apex  in  the 
axilla  of  the  sound  side.  The  turns  which  form  these  tri- 
angles are  always  made  in  the  same  order,  the  angles  being 
located  at  the  axilla,  shoulder,  elbow,  and  these  points  being 
covered  in  that  rotation,  thus  giving  rise  to  the  common 
name  for  the  third  roller  of  Desault — the  A-S-E  bandage 
(Fig.  69). 


94  BANDAGING 

VELPEAU'S   BANDAGE.     (Fig.  70.) 

Uses. — For  fracture  of  the  clavicle;  after  reduction  of  a 
dislocated  humerus. 

The  Velpeau  position  is  obtained  by  placing  the  hand  of 
the  affected  side  on  the  opposite  shoulder.     This  carries  the 


70. — Velpeau's  bandage. 


elbow  of  the  affected  side  near  the  median  line  of  the  body 
and  pushes  the  shoulder  upward,  backward,  and  outward. 

Bandage  2^  or  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 

Place  the  arm  of  the  affected  side  in  the  Velpeau  position. 
Hold  the  initial  extremity  in  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side  and 
carry  the  roller  diagonally  across  the  back  to  the  top  of  the 


VELPEAU  S    BANDAGE 


95 


shoulder  of  the  injured  side;  downward,  crossing  the  arm  at  the 
level  of  the  insertion  of  the  deltoid  (Fig.  71);  then  under  the 
arm  and  diagonally  across  the  front  of  the  chest  to  the  point 
of  starting.  Repeat  this  turn,  exactly  overlapping  it,  until  the 
roller  has  passed  under  the  arm.  Then  carry  it  horizontally 
around  the  chest  and  across  the  flexed  elbow,  the  middle  of  the 


Fig.  71. — Velpeau's  bandage — first  vertical  turn. 


bandage  resting  on  the  condyle  of  the  humerus,  the  tip  of 
the  olecranon  being  exposed  (Fig.  72).  Carry  the  roller  to  the 
axilla  of  the  uninjured  side,  diagonally  across  the  back  to  the 
shoulder  of  the  injured  side,  following  the  course  of  the  first 
turn,  but  overlapping  it  two- thirds  toward  the  median  line 
of  the  body,  pass  downward  and  under  the  arm  and  horizon- 
tally around  the  chest,  following  the  course  of  the  last  circu- 


96 


BANDAGING 


lar  turn,  but  overlapping  it  one-third.  Continue  these 
turns,  alternating  the  shoulder  and  circular  turns  until  the 
former  reach  the  tip  of  the  elbow.  Then  continue  with  slow 
ascending  spiral  turns  (page  34),  keeping  the  spaces  even, 
until  the  arm  and  forearm  have  been  covered.     Strips  of 


Fig.  72. — Velpeau's  bandage — first  horizontal  layer. 

adhesive  may  be  placed  at  right  angles  to  the  various  turns 
to  make  them  more  secure. 


DAVIS  BANDAGE  TO  CONFINE  THE  ARM  TO  THE  SIDE.     (Fig.  73.) 

Uses. — To  confine  the  arm  to  the  side. 

Roller  2\  or  3  inches  wide. 

The  operator  and  patient  should  face  each  other. 


DAVIS    BANDAGE    TO    CONFINE    THE    ARM    TO    THE    SIDE      97 

Dr.  G.  G.  Davis  describes  this  bandage  as  follows:  "Fix  the 
initial  extremity  by  a  couple  of  turns  around  the  chest  and 
arm  just  above  the  elbow.  Then  bring  the  roller  under  the 
forearm  obHquely  up  over  the  elbow,  across  the  back,  down 


Fig.  73. — Bandage  for  confining  the  arm  to  the  side.     (Davis,  Principles  of 

Bandaging). 


over  the  elbow  again,  around  the  back  and  up  over  the  fore- 
arm, in  front  of  and  parallel  with  turn  one;  thence  across  the 
back  and  down  over  the  forearm  near  the  hand,  thence  around 
the  back  and  across  the  front  of  the  chest  and  arm,  there  end- 
ing the  bandage." 


98  BANDAGING 

CROSSED   BANDAGE   OF   THE   PERINEUM.     (Fig.  74.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  perineum.  It  is  rather 
difficult  to  apply  properly,  is  rather  uncomfortable  for  the 
patient,  and  is  not  more  efficient  than  the  simple  T-bandage 
(page  122). 

Roller  2J  or  3  inches  wide. 


Fig.  74. — Crossed  bandage  of  perineum — one  complete  turn  has  been  made. 

The  operator  should  stand  on  the  right  side  of  the  recum- 
bent patient,  whose  thighs  should  be  separated  and  pelvis 
elevated. 

Place  the  initial  extremity  near  the  center  of  the  back  of 
the  pelvis  just  below  the  level  of  the  iliac  crests,  and  carry 
the  roller,  just  beneath  the  iliac  crests,  over  the  abdomen  and 


SPICA    OF    THE    FOOT  99 

around  the  pelvis,  covering  and  fixing  the  initial  extremity. 
As  the  roller  ascends  around  the  right  side  of  the  pelvis,  carry 
it  diagonally  downward  parallel  with  the  right  groin,  diago- 
nally backward  across  the  perineum,  back  of  the  left  thigh, 
and  forward  over  the  great  trochanter.  Carry  the  roller 
across  the  left  groin  and  over  the  lower  abdomen  to  the  right 
side  of  the  pelvis;  then  around  the  back  of  the  pelvis  to  the 
left  side,  diagonally  downward  parallel  with  the  left  groin, 
diagonally  backward  across  the  perineum,  back  of  the  right 
thigh,  forward  over  the  great  trochanter,  and  across  the  lower 
abdomen  to  the  left  side  of  the  pelvis.  This  completes  one 
full  cross  of  the  perineum;  as  many  similar  turns  as  are  neces- 
sary may  be  made. 

(Davis  starts  his  crossed  bandage  of  the  perineum  with  a 
circular  turn  around  the  left  thigh,  high  up;  Eliason  starts 
from  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  and  circles  the  left  thigh, 
crosses  the  perineum  and  then  goes  around  the  pelvis  and 
across  the  abdomen,  this  last  turn  fixing  the  initial  extremity.) 

BANDAGES   OF   THE   LOWER   EXTREMITY 
SPICA   OF   THE   FOOT.     (Figs.  75  and  76.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  on  any  part  of  the  foot,  or  to 
give  support  to  the  foot. 

Roller  2  inches  wide. 

The  leg,  with  the  foot  at  right  angles  to  the  long  axis  of  the 
leg,  should  be  extended  toward  the  operator. 

The  bandage  consists  of  a  series  of  ascending  figure-of-8 
turns  (page  39),  one  loop  being  around  the  foot  and  the  other 
around  the  heel  and  ankle,  with  the  crosses  presenting  in  the 
median  line  of  the  dorsum  of  the  foot  in  the  form  of  a  spica 
(Fig.  76).  The  spica  of  the  foot  is  the  only  bandage  of  the 
foot  or  leg  that  should  start  around  the  foot;  the  only  one 


lOO  BANDAGING 

that  does  not  start  around  the  ankle.     It  may  be  used  as  a 
preliminary  to  any  of  the  leg  bandages. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  (page  30) 
around  the  ball  of  the  toes,  carrying  the  roller  clockwise. 
From  the  right  side  of  the  foot  carry  the  roller  diagonally 
across  the  back  of  the  foot  and  backward  along  the  left  side 
of  the  foot  and  around  the  heel,  the  lower  edge  of  the  ban- 
dage being  placed  on  a  level  with  the  sole  of  the  heel.     Carry 


Fig.  75. — Spica  of  the  foot — lateral  view. 

the  roller  forward  along  the  right  side  of  the  foot,  and  diag- 
onally across  the  dorsum^  of  the  foot,  crossing  the  first  diagonal 
turn  in  the  median  line.  This  completes  the  figure-of-8,  one 
loop  being  around  the  foot,  the  other  around  the  heel,  and  the 
cross  on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Continue  these  figure-of-8 
turns,  making  even  spaces  (page  26),  which  are  continuously 
of  the  same  width  around  the  foot  and  around  the  heel  and 
ankle,  until  all  but  about  i  inch  of  the  under  surface  of  the 
heel  has  been  covered.     Complete  the  bandage  by  a  circular 


SPICA    OF    THE    FOOT 


lOI 


Fig.  76. — Spica  of  the  foot — the  anterior  spica. 


Fig.  77. — Spica  of  the  foot,  showing  tendency  to  slide  upward  on  the  tendo 

Achillis. 


I02 


BANDAGING 


turn  around  the  ankle,  or,  if  the  leg  is  to  be  bandaged,  con- 
tinue up  the  leg  with  slow  ascending  spiral  turns. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  turns  around  the  heel  and  ankle 
have  a  tendency  to  slide  upward  on  the  tendo  Achillis  (Fig. 
77.)...  Thjs  n^ay.;be;overcome  by  placing  a  small  pad  over  the 
tendon.  Undue  pressure  on  the  malleoU  may  be  prevented 
\)^/;  pljay:i^g:  a  sm^ill  pad  beneath  them. 

SPIRAL  OF  THE  HEEL,  OR  THE  AMERICAN  HEEL.     (Fig.  78.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  ankle;  to  make  uniform 
pressure  upon  the  ankle-joint;  as  a  preliminary  to  bandages 
of  the  leg. 

■i 


Roller  2h  inches  wide. 


Fig.  78. — Spiral  of  the  heel. 

The  leg  should  be  extended  toward  the  operator  with  the 
foot  at  a  right  angle  to  the  long  axis  of  the  leg. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  or  oblique  turn 
(page  28)  around  the  ankle.  From  the  right  side  of  the  ankle 
carry  the  roller  diagonally  downward  and  forward  across  the 
dorsum  of  the  foot  to  the  ball  of  the  toes,  and  make  a  cir- 
cular turn  (page  30)  around  the  foot.     As  the  bandage  as- 


SPIRAL    OF    THE    HEEL,    OR    THE    AMERICAN    HEEL        103 

cends  in  circling  the  foot,  allow  it  to  take  its  natural  course 
(page  24)  so  that  the  bandage  will  lie  perfectly  flat  with  both 
edges  exerting  even  pressure.  This  will  throw  the  bandage  off 
the  desired  course,  and  to  return  it  to  the  proper  direction 
a  reverse  must  be  made  (page  35).  Make  spiral  reverse 
turns,  an  even  number  if  possible,  until  the  top  of  the  instep 
is  reached.  Carry  the  roller  over  the  point  of  the  heel,  mak- 
ing the  middle  of  the  bandage  rest  directly  over  the  point 


Fig.  79. — Spiral  of  the  heel — circular  turn  over  the  point  of  the  heel. 


of  the  heel,  and  back  to  the  top  of  the  instep  (Fig.  79).  Then 
carry  it  downward  and  backward  on  the  left  side  of  the  ankle, 
behind  the  tendo  Achillis,  forward  across  the  right  side  of  the 
heel  between  the  malleolus  and  the  sole  of  the  foot,  under  the 
sole  of  the  foot,  and  upward  on  the  left  side  of  the  ankle  to 
the  top  of  the  instep.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  roller  de- 
scended and  ascended  on  the  same  side  of  the  ankle.  Then 
carry  the  roller  downward  and  backward  on  the  right  side  of 


I04  '  BANDAGING 

the  ankle,  behind  the  tendo  Achillis,  forward  across  the  left 
side  of  the  heel  between  the  malleolus  and  the  sole,  under  the 
sole  of  the  foot,  and  upward  on  the  right  side  of  the  ankle  to 
the  top  of  the  instep.  The  roller  again  descended  and  as- 
cended on  the  same  side  of  the  ankle.  These  two  turns  form 
two  loops  around  the  heel  which  may  be  displaced  easily  by 
pulling  on  their  lower  edge.  To  secure  the  loops,  a  circular 
turn  may  be  made  around  the  instep  and  heel  or  a  safety-pin 
may  be  placed  in  either  loop.  The  bandage  is  completed  by 
a  turn  around  the  ankle. 


Fig.  80. — Spiral  of  the  heel — circling  the  side  of  the  heel  and  making  a  loop. 

The  "loop  turns"  are  usually  made  by  carrying  the  roller 
from  the  top  of  the  instep  to  the  sole  of  the  foot  before  passing 
transversely  over  the  side  of  the  heel  (Davis,  Wharton,  Hop- 
kins, Eliason).  The  natural  course  of  the  bandage  (page 
24)  would  carry  it  behind  the  tendo  AchilKs  rather  than  under 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  On  returning  to  the  top  of  the  instep 
from  the  sole  of  the  foot  the  second  time,  the  natural  course 
of  the  bandage  would  carry  the  roller  onto  the  leg,  where  the 
spiral  of  the  heel  is  to  be  completed  or  where  a  bandage  of 
the  leg  is  to  be  started. 


SPIRAL   REVERSE    OF    THE    LOWER   EXTREMITY  I05 

BANDAGES   OF   THE  LEG 

The  beginner  in  bandaging  experiences  considerable  diffi- 
culty in  applying  a  bandage  to  the  leg  that  will  give  an  even 
amount  of  pressure  throughout  and  remain  in  place  on  an 
ambulatory  patient.  Experience  with  the  several  ban- 
dages will  result,  usually,  in  the  selection  by  the  individual 
operator  of  one  of  them  as  the  bandage  most  readily  and 
more  nearly  perfectly  appHed  by  him.  Practice  will  make  one 
letter  perfect  in  the  application  of  any  bandage,  but  those  of 
the  leg  require  more  practice  than  many  others. 

All  bandages  of  the  leg  should  begin  at  the  ankle  and  cover 
in  part  of  the  foot  to  prevent  edema  of  the  dorsum  of  the 
foot.  The  only  exception  to  this  rule  is  found  in  a  bandage 
of  the  leg  that  begins  with  a  spica  of  the  foot  (page  99). 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  any  part  of  the  leg;  to  retain 
splints;  to  retain  extension  apparatus;  to  afford  support. 
When  support  is  the  essential  requirement  of  the  bandage, 
especially  in  varicose  conditions  of  the  leg,  the  limb  should 
be  elevated  for  the  purpose  of  emptying  the  veins  before  the 
bandage  is  applied  and  the  bandage  should  be  completed  while 
the  limb  is  in  the  elevated  position. 

SPIRAL  REVERSE   OF   THE  LOWER  EXTREMITY.     (Fig.  81.) 

Roller  2 1  inches  wide. 

The  leg  should  be  extended  toward  the  operator,  with  the 
foot  at  a  right  angle  to  the  long  axis  of  the  leg. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  or  oblique  turn 
(page  28)  around  the  ankle,  passing  the  roller  clockwise. 
From  the  right  side  of  the  ankle  carry  the  roller  diagonally 
forward  and  downward  across  the  dorsum  of  the  foot  and 
make  a  circular  turn  around  the  foot.  Carry  the  roller  diag- 
onally upward  and  backward  across  the  dorsum,  crossing 
the  first  diagonal  turn  in  the  median  line.     Carry  the  roller 


io6 


BANDAGING 


around  the  ankle  and  begin  covering  the  leg  with  slow  ascend- 
ing spiral  turns  (page  34),  making  the  spaces  (page  26)  equal 
about  one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage.  As  soon  as  the 
slow  ascending  spiral  turns  begin  to  gap  (page  24)  allow  the 
bandage  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  leg  to  take  its  natural 
course  (page  24),  so  that  the  bandage  will  lie  perfectly  flat 
with  both  edges  exerting  even  pressure.     This  will  throw  the 


Fig.  81. — Spiral  reverse  of  the  lower  extremity — first  turn  when  the  knee  is  to 

be  covered. 


bandage  off  the  desired  course  and  it  will  be  necessary  to 
make  a  reverse  (page  35)  to  return  the  roller  to  the  desired 
course.  Unroll  the  bandage  for  a  distance  equal  to  twice  the 
width  of  the  roller  (see  Fig.  22).  Hold  the  lower  edge  of  the 
last  turn  with  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  and  allow  the  un- 
wound portion  of  the  bandage  to  become  slack.  Pronate 
the  right  hand,  which  holds  the  roller,  and  carry  the  roller 


FIGURE-Or-8    OF    THE    LEG  107 

toward  the  median  line  of  the  leg  and  downward  parallel 
with  the  long  axis  of  the  leg  until  it  is  sHghtly  below  the  left 
thumb  (see  Fig.  23).  Carry  the  roller  to  the  right,  laying  the 
upper  border  of  the  bandage,  which  now  becomes  lowermost, 
in  such  a  position  that  the  space  made  will  equal  the  spaces 
already  made,  and  the  crosses  will  lie  over  a  fleshy  portion  of 
the  leg  and  not  over  the  subcutaneous  portion  of  the  tibia  (see 
Fig.  24).  Carry  the  roller  toward  the  back  of  the  leg,  move 
the  left  hand  toward  the  back  of  the  leg.  Pass  the  roller  from 
the  right  to  the  left  hand  and  pull  with  the  left  just  enough 
to  make  the  reversed  turn  lie  snug  against  the  limb.  Carry 
the  roller  to  the  front  of  the  leg,  allowing  it  to  lie  perfectly 
fiat  against  the  limb,  and  pass  the  roller  to  the  right  hand. 
Hold  the  lowermost  edge  of  the  bandage  where  it  crosses  the 
preceding  turn  with  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  and  continue 
as  above.  Continue  spiral  reverse  turns  (page  38)  until  the 
cylindric  portion  of  the  leg  is  reached,  when  slow  ascending 
spiral  turns  will  Ue  fiat.  Continue  with  slow  ascending 
spiral  turns  until  the  leg  is  entirely  covered. 

The  completed  bandage  should  show  a  Hne  of  crosses  in  a 
straight  line,  parallel  with  the  long  axis  of  the  leg,  and  lying 
over  the  fleshy  portion  of  the  leg  and  not  over  the  crest  of  the 
tibia.  The  best  position  is  to  the  outer  side  of  the  tibia,  over 
the  anterior  tibial  muscle.  The  spaces  made  must  be  even 
and  regular  or  the  line  of  crosses  will  deviate  from  the  straight 
line  toward  the  wider  space. 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   THE   LEG.     (Fig.  82.) 

Start  the  bandage  and  continue  its  appHcation  as  described 
under  the  spiral  reverse  of  the  lower  extremity  (page  105) 
until  the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  begin  to  gap.  Allow 
the  bandage  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  leg  to  take  its  natural 
course  (page  24),  so  that  it  will  lie  perfectly  flat  with  the 


Io8  BANDAGING 

edges  exerting  an  even  pressure.  Begin  figure-of-8  turns 
(page  39)  by  carrying  the  roller  diagonally  upward  and 
around  the  leg  and  diagonally  downward,  crossing  the  ascend- 
ing diagonal  turn  to  the  outer  side  of  the  crest  of  the  tibia. 
Circle  the  leg  and  thus  complete  the  first  figure-of-8.     It  will 


Fig.  82. — Figure-of-8  of  the  leg. 

be  noted  that  a  space  separates  the  two  loops  on  the  back  of 
the  leg  and  that  the  lower  edge  of  the  upper  loop  gaps  (Fig. 
83).  Make  successive  figure-of-8  turns,  each  one  covering 
one-half  of  the  preceding  turn,  until  the  greatest  diameter 
of  the  leg  is  reached.  Complete  the  bandage  by  one  or  two 
circular  turns. 


FIGURE-OF-8    OF    THE    LEG  lOQ 

The  completed  bandage  presents  a  fine  appearance,  is 
secure,  and  is  very  frequently  used,  although  it  requires  a 
greater  length  of  bandage  than  the  spiral  reverse.  It  is  not 
a  perfect  bandage  (page  24)  because  the  turns  are  not  ''so 


Fig,  83. — Figure-of-8  of  the  leg — ^gapping  of  the  lower  border  of  the  upper  loop. 

placed  that  the  pressure  throughout  is  even  and  sufficient" 
and  because  turns  are  required  to  cover  underlying  defects. 
The  loose  edges  of  the  upper  loops  of  the  figure-of-8  turns  be- 
come rumpled  upon  themselves  as  they  are  covered  by  the 
succeeding  flat  turns.     This  causes  uneven  pressure  on  the 


no 


BANDAGING 


underlying   structures,    a   defect   which   should   be   avoided 
whenever  possible. 


MODIFIED  FIGURE-OF-8  BANDAGE   OF  THE  LEG.     (Fig.  84.) 

Start  the  bandage  and  continue  its  application  as  described 
under  the  spiral  reverse  of  the  lower  extremity  (page  105) 


Fig.  84. — Modified  figure-of-8  of  the  Ick — the  first  rapid  ascending  spiral,  cir- 
cular, and  rapid  descending  spiral  turns  have  been  made. 

until  the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  begin  to  gap.  Allow  the 
bandage  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  leg  to  take  its  natural 
course  (page  24),  so  that  it  will  He  perfectly  flat  with  the 
edges  exerting  even  pressure.  Carry  the  roller  upward  with 
a  rapid  ascending  spiral  turn  (page  32)  beyond  the  greatest 


MODIFIED    SPIRAL   REVERSE    BANDAGE    OF    THE    LEG      III 

diameter  of  the  leg  and  make  a  loose  circular  turn  above  the 
calf.  Carry  the  roller  downward  with  a  rapid  descending 
spiral  turn  (page  32),  crossing  the  first  portion  of  the  rapid 
ascending  spiral  turn  to  the  outer  side  of  the  crest  of  the 
tibia.  Circle  the  leg  with  a  firm  turn  and  repeat  the  rapid 
ascending  spiral,  loose  circular,  and  rapid  descending  spiral 
turns  until  the  leg  is  entirely  covered.  The  turns  that  circles 
the  leg  below  must  be  made  firm,  while  the  turns  above  the 
calf  must  be  loose.  If  the  latter  are  made  firm  there  will  be 
marked  interference  with  the  circulation,  as  every  added 
turn  will  increase  the  pressure  on  the  underlying  structures. 
If  properly  applied,  this  bandage  will  remain  in  place  and  will 
be  comfortable.  It  requires  almost  twice  as  much  bandage 
as  the  spiral  reverse. 

MODIFIED  SPIRAL  REVERSE  BANDAGE  OF  THE  LEG.     (Fig.  85.) 

Start  the  bandage  and  continue  its  application  as  described 
under  the  spiral  reverse  of  the  lower  extremity  (page  105) 
until  the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  begin  to  gap.  Allow 
the  bandage  as  it  ascends  in  circling  the  leg  to  take  its  natural 
course,  so  that  it  will  lie  perfectly  flat  with  the  edges  exerting 
even  pressure.  As  the  roller  ascends  in  circling  the  leg  the 
second  time,  make  a  reverse  and  slide  it  downward  until  the 
bandage  lies  in  the  desired  position.  Make  a  firm  circle 
around  the  leg,  with  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  the  width 
of  the  bandage,  and  proceed  as  before,  making  a  reverse 
every  second  turn  around  the  leg.  Repeat  these  turns  until 
the  greatest  diameter  of  the  leg  is  reached  and  complete  the 
bandage  with  two  or  three  slow  ascending  spiral  turns. 

If  the  knee  is  to  be  covered  after  bandaging  the  leg,  con- 
tinue the  slow  ascending  spiral  turns  until  the  upper  edge  of 
the  bandage  touches  the  lower  edge  of  the  patella.  Then 
carry  the  roller  directly  over  the  patella  (see  Fig.  81),  around 


112  BANDAGING 


the  popliteal  space,  over  the  lower  half  of  the  patella,  around 
the  popliteal  space,  and  finally  over  the  upper  half  of  the 


Fig.  85. — Modified  spiral  reverse  of  the  leg — sliding  of  the  reverse  into  place. 

patella.     Continue  as  far  up  the  thigh  as  is  necessary  with 
spiral  reversed  turns. 

FIGURE-OF-8   OF   THE  KNEE.     (Fig.  86.) 

Uses. — To  retain  splints  or  dressings  to  the  knee  when  the 
knee  is  flexed. 

Roller  2  inches  wide. 

The  operator  should  face  the  anterior  aspect  of  the  flexed 
knee. 


SPIRAL    REVERSE    OF    THE    THIGH  II3 

Place  the  initial  extremity  over  the  center  of  the  patella 
and  carry  the  roller  clockwise  around  the  knee,  covering  and 
fixing   the  initial   extremity.     Carry   the   roller   around   the 


Fig.  86. — Figure-of-8  of  the  knee. 

knee  and  as  it  ascends  make  a  space  equal  to  one-half  the 
width  of  the  bandage.  Again  circle  the  knee  and  cover 
in  the  portion  of  the  circular  turn  not  covered  by  the  pre- 
ceding turn.  Make  figure-of-8  turns  (page  39),  with  one 
loop  ascending  on  the  thigh  and  the  other  descending  on  the 
leg  with  the  crosses  in  the  popHteal  space,  until  three  or  four 
figures-of-8  have  been  made. 

SPIRAL  REVERSE  OF  THE  TfflGH.     (Fig.  87.) 

Uses. — To  hold  dressings  or  splints  on  the  thigh. 
Roller  3  inches  wide. 


114  BANDAGING 

If  the  patient  is  ambulatory,  he  should  stand  facing  the 
operator,  who  may  kneel  or  sit  in  front  of  the  patient.  When 
the  patient  is  bed-ridden,  the  operator  should  stand  on  the 
outer  side  of  the  thigh  to  be  bandaged. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  (page  30) 
around  the  thigh  just  above  the  condyles.     Carry  the  roller, 


Fig.  87. — Spiral  reverse  of  the  thigh. 

clockwise,  around  the  thigh  in  slow  ascending  spiral  turns 
(page  34).  As  soon  as  the  bandage  begins  to  gap,  allow  it  to 
take  its  natural  course  as  it  ascends  in  circKng  the  thigh. 
Make  a  reverse  (page  35)  and  continue  with  spiral  reversed 
turns  (page  38)  until  the  thigh  is  covered,  placing  the  crosses 
on  the  anterior  aspect  of  the  thigh. 


SPICA    OF    THE    GROIN  II5 

SPICA  OF  THE   GROIN.     (Fig.  88.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  groin;  to  complete 
bandages  of  the  thigh.  One  spica  turn  around  the  thigh  is 
very  useful  in  preventing  an  abdominal  bandage  from  sliding 
upward  and  exposing  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen. 

Roller  3  inches  wide. 


Fig.  88. — Spica  of  the  groin. 

If  the  patient  is  ambulatory,  he  should  stand  facing  the 
operator,  who  may  kneel  or  sit  in  front  of  the  patient.  When 
the  patient  is  bed-ridden,  the  pelvis  should  be  raised  from 
the  bed  and  should  rest  on  a  small  basin  or  a  special  back- 


Il6  BANDAGING 

rest,  unless  such  elevation  is  contra-indicated,  as  in  some 
fractures  of  the  femur.  It  is  possible  to  pass  the  roller  be- 
neath the  back  of  the  recumbent  patient,  but  this  procedure, 
at  times,  is  disturbing  to  the  patient. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
thigh,  near  the  crotch,  passing  the  roller  clockwise.  When 
the  dressing  does  not  extend  very  far  onto  the  thigh,  the 
initial  extremity  may  be  fastened  by  laying  it  diagonally  from 
above  downward  and  from  right  to  left,  carrying  the  roller 
around  the  thigh  and  fixing  the  extremity  as  the  roller  passes 
diagonally  upward  toward  the  iliac  crest. 

Begin  figure-of-8  turns  (page  39)  by  carrying  the  roller 
diagonally  upward  to  the  space  between  the  crest  of  the 
ilium  and  the  great  trochanter  of  the  femur,  across  the  back 
to  a  corresponding  point  on  the  opposite  side,  and  then  diag- 
onally downward  to  the  thigh,  crossing  the  ascending  diagonal 
turn  in  the  median  line  of  the  groin,  and  in  such  a  position 
that  there  will  not  be  a  vacant  space  between  the  circular  and 
figure-of-8  turns.  Carry  the  roller  around  the  thigh,  thus 
completing  a  figure-of-8  turn,  and  diagonally  upward,  making 
a  space  on  the  front  of  the  thigh  equal  to  one-third  the  width 
of  the  bandage.  This  space  gradually  decreases  until  the 
side  of  the  body  is  reached,  where  the  bandage  should  cover 
the  preceding  turn  and  should  continue  in  this  relative  posi- 
tion until  the  opposite  side  is  reached,  from  which  point  the 
space  gradually  increases  until  it  equals  one-third  the  width 
of  the  bandage  as  it  crosses  the  upward  diagonal  turn  on  the 
front  of  the  thigh.  Continue  these  spica  turns  (page  39) 
until  the  groin  has  been  covered. 

DOUBLE   SPICA   OF   THE   GROIN.     (Figs.  89-91.) 

Uses. — Same  as  single  spica. 
Roller  3  inches  wide. 


DOUBLE    SPICA    OF    THE    GROIN  1 17 

If  the  patient  is  ambulatory,  he  should  stand  facing  the 
operator,  who  may  kneel  or  sit  in  front  of  the  patient.  When 
the  patient  is  bed-ridden,  the  pelvis  should  be  raised  from 
the  bed  and  should  rest  on  a  small  inverted  basin  or  on  a 
special  back-rest,  unless  such  elevation  is  contra-indicated, 
as  in  some  fractures  of  the  femur.     It  is  possible  to  pass  the 


Fig.  89. — Double  spica  of  the  groin. 

roller  beneath  the  back  of  the  recumbent  patient,  but  this 
procedure,  at  times,  is  disturbing  to  the  patient. 

Fasten  the  initial  extremity  by  a  circular  turn  around  the 
right  thigh,  close  to  the  crotch,  passing  the  roller  clockwise. 
When  the  dressing  does  not  extend  very  far  onto  the  thigh, 
the  initial  extremity  may  be  fastened  by  laying  it  diagonally 
across  the  front  of  the  right  thigh,  near  the  crease  of  the 


Il8  BANDAGING 

groin,  from  above  downward  and  from  the  operator's  left  to 
right,  carrying  the  roller  around  the  thigh,  and  fixing  the 
extremity  as  the  roller  passes  diagonally  upward  toward  the 
opposite  iliac  crest. 

Begin  figure-of-8  turns  by  carrying  the  roller  diagonally 
upward  to  the  space  between  the  crest  of  the  ilium  and  the 
great  trochanter  of  the  femur,  across  the  back  to  a  correspond- 


Fig.  90. — Double  spica  of  the  groin — one  complete  turn  has  been  made. 

ing  space  on  the  opposite  side.  Carry  the  roller  diagonally 
downward  across  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  crossing  the 
first  diagonal  turn  directly  in  the  median  line  of  the  body,  to 
the  upper,  anterior  surface  of  the  left  thigh  (Fig.  91).  Make 
a  circular  turn  around  the  thigh,  as  near  the  crotch  as  pos- 
sible, and  then  diagonally  upward  and  outward  to  the  space 
between  the  iliac  crest  and  the  trochanter.     Carry  the  roller 


DOUBLE    SPICA    OF    THE    GROIN 


119 


across  the  back,  exactly  overlapping  the  preceding  turn,  to 
the  space  between  the  right  iliac  crest  and  great  trochanter, 
and  diagonally  downward  over  the  right  groin,  crossing  the 
original  diagonal  turn  exactly  in  the  median  line  of  the  an- 
terior aspect  of  the  thigh.     Carry  the  bandage  around  the 


Fig.  91. — Double  spica  of  the  groin — niakiiiL!;  ihc  first  downward  oblique  turn 
across  the  abdomen  and  left  thigh. 


thigh,  and  as  it  is  brought  forward  around  the  outer  aspect 
of  the  thigh  start  a  space  which  equals  about  one-third  the 
width  of  the  bandage  and  gradually  decreases  until  it  reaches 
the  left  side  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  roller  overlaps  the  pre- 
ceding turn.  Carry  the  roller  across  the  back,  overlapping 
the  preceding  back  turns  to  the  right  side  of  the  pelvis. 


I20  BANDAGING 

Follow  the  course  of  the  preceding  turn  diagonally  toward 
the  left  thigh,  making  a  space  which  begins  below  the  crest 
of  the  iUum  and  increases  gradually  until  the  outer  aspect  of 
the  left  thigh  is  reached,  where  it  equals  one- third  the  width 
of  the  bandage.  Carry  the  roller  around  the  thigh  and  upward 
and  outward  to  the  left  side  of  the  pelvis,  making  a  space 
which  equals  one-third  the  width  of  the  bandage  and  gradu- 
ally decreases  until  the  roller  reaches  the  side  of  the  pelvis, 
where  the  turn  overlaps  the  preceding  one.  Continue  the 
figure-of-8  turns  around  the  two  groins  alternately  until  they 
have  been  covered. 


PART   II 

THE  TAILED   BANDAGES 

As  their  names  imply,  these  bandages   are  characterized 
by  the  presence  of  varying  numbers  of  ends  or  tails.     Each 


Fig.  yj. — The  bandage  of  Scultetus. 

tailed  bandage  consists  of  a  body  and  three  or  more  ends,  and 
is  given  a  distinctive  name  in  accordance  with  the  number 


122  BANDAGING 

of  tails  or  the  relative  position  of  the  parts  composing  it. 
Strips  of  material  fastened  at  right  angles  to  each  other  form 
the  T-bandage,  two  strips  so  placed  forming  a  single  T,  two 
strips  placed  vertically  on  a  single  horizontal  one  forming  a 
double  T.  A  number  of  strips  fastened  parallel  with  each 
other  and  sHghtly  overlapping,  shingle-fashioned,  to  make 
a  body  with  free  ends  on  either  side,  form  the  bandage  of 
Scultetus  (Fig.  92).  A  piece  of  material  torn  toward  the 
center  to  make  three  or  more  tails  on  either  end  is  known 
as  a  many-tailed  bandage.  When  only  two  are  made  on 
either  end  a  Jour -tailed  bandage  results.  The  length  and 
width  of  the  body  and  tails  vary  with  the  purposes  of  the 
bandage. 

Numerous  applications  of  the  tailed  bandages  have  been 
described.  Very  few  of  them  are  used  in  modern  bandaging, 
although  the  single  T-bandage  surpasses  all  others  for  hold- 
ing a  dressing  on  the  perineum,  and  the  Scultetus,  or  the 
many- tailed  bandage,  when  properly  applied,  is  very  efficient 
in  retaining  a  dressing,  with  or  without  pressure,  on  the  ab- 
domen. 

The  description  of  a  few  of  the  tailed  bandages  will  give 
an  idea  of  their  general  usefulness;  the  ingenuity  of  the  opera- 
tor can  make  them  applicable  to  almost  any  portion  of  the 
body. 

THE   SINGLE   T-BANDAGE.      (Figs.  93,  94) 

Uses. — To  retain  a  dressing  on  the  perineum,  anal  region, 
or  vulva. 

Take  a  piece  of  muslin  or  flannellet,  2J  or  3  inches  wide 
and  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  the  circumference  of  the 
body  above  the  pelvic  brim,  and  fasten  at  right  angles  to  it, 
midway  between  the  two  ends,  a  second  piece  long  enough  to 
reach  from  the  lumbar  region,  between  the  thighs,  to  the 


THE    SINGLE    T-BANDAGE 


123 


umbilicus.  If  a  needle  and  thread  are  not  obtainable,  make 
two  slits  as  long  as  the  horizontal  strip  is  wide,  lengthwise, 
near  the  end  of  the  vertical  strip,  and  weave  the  horizontal 
one  through  them. 

Place  the  body  of  the  bandage  on  the  back,  just  above  the 
level  of  the  pelvic  brim,  pass  the  ends  of  the  horizontal  strip 


Fig.  93. — The  T-bandage. 


around  the  body  and  tie  or  pin  the  ends  on  the  abdomen. 
Carry  the  vertical  strip  downward  along  the  spine,  between 
the  thighs  and  upward  onto  the  abdomen;  fasten  the  end  to 
the  horizontal  strip,  exerting  enough  pressure  on  the  ban- 
dage to  hold  the  dressing  in  place. 

When  the  T-bandage  is  used  to  hold  a  dressing  on  the  male 


124 


BANDAGING 


perineum  or  anal  region,  the  vertical  arm  should  be  split  for 
about  two-thirds  of  its  length,  brought  forward  on  either 


Fig.  94. — The  T-bandage. 


side  of  the  scrotum,  and  fastened  to  the  horizontal  arm  (Fig. 

94). 

DOUBLE   T-BANDAGE.     (Fig.  95.) 

Uses. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  the  chest. 

Take  a  piece  of  musKn  or  flannellet  8  or  10  inches  wide  and 
one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  the  circumference  of  the 
chest.  Fasten  the  ends  of  two  strips  about  2  inches  wide  and 
20  inches  long  to  either  side  of  the  center  of  the  wide  strip. 
Place  the  body  of  the  bandage  over  the  back  of  the  chest, 
carry  the  ends  of  the  wide  strip  around  the  chest  and  fasten 


FOUR-TAILED    BANDAGE    OF    THE    SCALP  1 25 


Fig.  95. — ^The  double  T-bandage. 

them  in   front.     Carry  the   two  narrow   strips   over  either 
shoulder  and  fasten  them  to  the  wide  strip  with  safety-pins. 

FOUR-TAILED  BANDAGE  OF  THE  SCALP.     (Figs.  96,  97.) 

U$es. — To  hold  a  dressing  on  the  scalp. 

Take  a  piece  of  muslin  or  fiannellet  6  or  8  inches  wide  and 
about  30  inches  long.  Split  either  end  into  two  tails  of  equal 
width  to  within  4  inches  of  the  center. 

Place  the  body  of  the  bandage  on  the  scalp,  with  two  tails 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  Tie  the  two  posterior  tails 
under  the  chin  when  the  middle  or  anterior  portion  of  the 
scalp  is  covered  (Fig.  97),  or  around  the  forehead  when  the 
posterior  part  is  covered,  and  the  two  anterior  tails  around 


126 


BANDAGING 


Fig.  96.— Four-tailed  bandage  of  the  scalp. 


Fig.  97. — Four-tailed  bandage  of  the  scalp. 


THE    MANY-TAILED    BANDAGE    OF    THE    ABDOMEN         1 27 

the  occiput  in  the  first  two  instances  and  under  the  chin  in 
the  last. 

The  four- tailed  bandage,  of  proper  length  and  width,  may 
be  used  to  hold  a  dressing  on  the  chin,  on  the  nape  of  the 
neck,  etc. 

THE  MANY-TAILED  BANDAGE  OF  THE  ABDOMEN.     (Fig.  98.) 

Uses. — To  retain  dressings  on  the  abdomen. 
Take  a  strip  of  muslin  or  flannellet  8  or  10  inches  wide  and 
long  enough  to  circle  the  abdomen  one  and  one-half  times. 


Fig.  98. — Many-tailed  bandage  of  the  abdomen. 

Split  either  end  into  four  tails  of  even  width  to  within  5  inches 
of  the  center. 

Place  the  body  of  the  bandage  under  the  recumbent  patient, 
with  the  tails  emerging  from  either  side,  the  lowermost  being 
below  the  level  of  the  iliac  crests.  Beginning  with  the  upper- 
most tail  on  either  side,  overlap  them  alternately  across  the 
abdomen,  carrying  the  ends  slightly  downward,  so  that  they 
will  be  held  in  place  by  the  succeeding  tails.     Secure  the 


128 


BANDAGING 


lowermost  tails  by  safety-pins  and  place  safety-pins  at  various 
intersections  of  the  tails  to  make  them  less  easily  displaced. 

This  tailed  bandage  of  the  abdomen  has  a  tendency  to 
"ride"  upward.  This  may  be  overcome  by  spUtting  the 
lowermost  tail  into  two  on  either  side  and  bringing  the  final 
tails  forward  between  the  thighs  and  fastening  them  with 
safety-pins  to  the  overlapped  tails. 

An  abdominal  binder  made  of  heavy  muslin,  wide  enough 
to  extend  from  the  level  of  the  trochanters  to  the  lower  ribs 
and  long  enough  to  pass  around  the  body  with  overlapping, 
may  be  used  instead  of  the  tailed  bandage.  The  bandage  of 
Scultetus  is  similarly  used. 


Fig.  99. — Boston  v-bandage. 
THE   BOSTON   Y-BANDAGE.     (Fig.  99.) 
Uses. — To  support  or  hold  a  dressing  on  the  breasts. 
Take  a  strip  of  musHn  8  inches  wide  and  long  enough  to 
reach  from  the  anterior  axillary  fold  of  one  side,  around  the 


THE   BOSTON   Y-BANDAGE  1 29 

back  to  the  anterior  axillary  fold  of  the  other  side.  To  one 
end  of  this  strip  sew  two  strips  of  similar  length  and  4  inches 
wide  to  make  a  long  Y.  Sew  a  strip  2  inches  wide  and  20 
inches  long  to  either  side  of  the  center  of  the  wide  strip. 

Place  the  body  of  the  bandage  around  the  back  of  the 
patient  and  carry  the  lower  arm  of  the  Y  across  the  front  of 
the  chest,  supporting  the  breast,  but  not  covering  the  nipple, 
and  fasten  it  with  safety-pins  to  the  end  of  the  wide  strip. 
Carry  the  upper  arm  of  the  Y  across  the  front  of  the  chest 
above  the  nipples,  and  fasten  it  to  the  broad  strip.  Bring 
the  narrow  strips  over  either  shoulder  and  fasten  them  with 
safety-pins  to  both  arms  of  the  Y. 

This  bandage  is  not  more  efficient  than  the  ordinary  breast- 
binder,  nor  is  it  so  easily  apphed.  Its  principal  advantage 
lies  in  the  abihty  to  change  dressings  on  the  breasts  without 
removing  the  bandage;  and  to  allow  a  mother  to  suckle  her 
baby  without  removing  the  support  from  the  breasts. 


PART  III 

HANDKERCHIEF  BANDAGES 

In  emergencies  nothing  exceeds  the  usefukiess  of  the  so- 
called  handkerchief  bandage,  because  it  can  be  made  of 
almost  any  woven  material  and  can  be  used  in  various  forms 
and  for  numerous  purposes.     When  possible  to  obtain  it,  a 


Fig.  loo. — Showing  the  Knes  on  which  to  fold  the  triangle  to  make  a  broad  ban- 
dage or  a  cravat. 

thin  pliable  material,  such  as  cotton,  linen,  silk,  gauze,  cheese- 
cloth, or  a  very  thin  muslin  should  be  selected.  A  piece  i 
yard  square  is  folded  into  a  right-angled  triangle,  or  cut  into 
two  equal  triangles;  the  square  handkerchief  is  seldom  used. 
The  long  side  of  the  triangle  is  known  as  the  base;  the  oppo- 
site angle  (a  right  angle),  as  the  apex,  and  the  extremities  of 
the  base  as  the  ends  of  the  bandage. 

The  triangle  may  be  made  into  a  broad  bandage  by  carry- 
ing the  apex  to  the  base  and  folding  this  quadrangle  once. 
130 


HANDKERCHIEF    BANDAGES 


131 


A  narrow  bandage,  the  so-called  cravat,  may  be  made  by 
carrying  the  apex  to  the  base  and  folding  the  quadrangle  two 
or  three  times  (Fig.  100).  When  fastening  the  ends,  safety- 
pins  should  be  used  if  available,  or  they  may  be  tied,  a  reef 
knot  rather  than  a  granny  being  used,  as  the  former  is  more 
secure. 

A  very  useful  triangle,  on  which  illustrations  for  its  use 
are  printed,  is  found  in  many  first-aid  kits,  such  as  those 
carried  by  members  of  the  militia  of  some  states.    A  study  of 


nRST  AID 

EsMARCH  Bandage 


Fig.  loi. — A  first-aid  handkerchief  bandage. 


this  triangle  with  practice  in  applying  it  is  compulsory  in 
some  military  organizations   (Fig.    loi). 

Many  applications  of  the  handkerchief  bandage  are  named 
according  to  the  use  of  a  triangle  or  a  cravat,  and  also  accord- 
ing to  the  regions  covered,  that  on  which  the  base  rests  being 
named  first  and  the  location  of  the  knot  later.  The  knot 
should  not  rest  on  a  prominent  bony  part,  nor  should  it  be  so 
placed  that  the  patient  will  lie  on  it  when  in  the  recumbent 
position. 


132  BANDAGING 

SPECIAL  HANDKERCHIEF  BANDAGES. 

The  Occipitofrontal  Triangle  (Fig.  102).— Uses.— -To  hold 
a  dressing  on  the  scalp. 

Place  the  base  of  the  triangle  below  the  occiput,  carry  the 
apex  forward  over  the  top  of  the  head  and  allow  it  to  hang 
down  over  the  face.  Bring  the  ends  around  either  side  of 
the  head,  above  the  ears  or  covering  them  as  desired,  and  tie 
the  ends  over  the  forehead.     Pull  on  the  apex  to  make  the 


Fig.  102. — Occipitofrontal  triangle. 

bandage  lie  snugly  and  then  turn  the  apex  over  the  ends  and 
fasten  it  with  a  safety-pin. 

The  scalp  may  be  covered  with  a  fronto-occipital  or  a  bi- 
temporal triangle. 

Verticomental  Triangle  (Fig.  103). —  Uses. — To  hold  a 
dressing  on  the  head  or  back  of  the  neck. 

Place  the  base  of  the  triangle  on  the  top  of  the  head  and 
either  cheek,  carrying  the  apex  to  the  back  of  the  neck.     Knot 


SPECIAL   HANDKERCHIEF    BANDAGES  1 33 

the  ends  under  the  chin.  Make  the  bandage  snug  over  the 
head,  and  carry  the  apex  to  one  side  and  secure  it  with  a 
safety-pin. 

The  auriculo-occipital  triangle,  the  triangle  of  the  head 
(Hunter's  cap),  and  the  square  cap  of  the  head  are  often 
described  as  handkerchief  bandages  of  the  head,  but  they  are 


Fig.  103. — Verticomental  triangle. 

no  more  efficient  than  those  described  above  and  are  more 
difficult  to  apply. 

Posterior  Triangle  of  the  Shoulders  (Fig.  104). —  Uses. — 
To  hold  a  dressing  on  the  scapular  region. 

Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  on  the  back  of 
the  neck,  allowing  the  apex  to  drop  downward.  Carry  the 
ends  of  the  bandage  over  either  shoulder,  under  either  axilla, 
and  tie  them  over  the  redundant  portion  of  the  triangle. 
Make  enough  traction  on  the  apex  to  make  the  triangle  lie 


134 


BANDAGING 


snug,  turn  the  apex  upward  over  the  ends,  and  secure  it  with 
a  safety-pin. 

This  triangle  is  a  variation  of  the  ''breakfast  shawl"  (Fig. 
105),  or  the  cervicodorso-sternal  triangle  of  Mayor,  in  which 
a  cravat  is  placed  around  the  body  close  to  the  armpits  and 
the  ends  are  carried  over  the  shoulders  and  fastened  to  it  in 


Fig.  104. — Posterior  triangle  of  the  shoulders. 


front,  while  the  apex  is  passed  under  it  and  fastened  in  the 
back. 

Thoracicoscapular  Triangle  (Fig.  106). —  Uses. — To  hold 
a  dressing  on  the  front  of  the  chest. 

Place  the  base  of  the  triangle  on  the  chest,  with  the  apex 
extending  over  the  shoulder.  Carry  the  ends  under  the  arms 
and  tie  them  over  the  apex.     Make  enough  traction  on  the 


SPECIAL   HANDKERCHIEF   BANDAGES     V  135 


Fig.  105. --'"lircakfast  shi 


Fig.  106. — Thoracicoscapular  triangle. 


136  BANDAGING 

apex  to  make  the  bandage  lie  snug,  turn  it  over  the  ends,  and 
secure  it  with  a  safety-pin.  Any  fuhiess  of  either  margin  of 
the  triangle  may  be  overcome  by  tucking  and  pinning. 

Suspensory  Triangle  of  the  Breast   (Fig.   10^).— Uses.— 
To  support  or  hold  a  dressing  on  the  breast. 


Fig.  107. — Suspensory  triangle  of  the  breast. 

Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  under  the  inner 
portion  of  the  breast,  with  the  apex  extending  over  the 
shoulder  of  the  affected  side.  Carry  one  end  under  the 
axilla  of  the  affected  side  and  the  other  over  the  shoulder  of 
the  sound  side.  Tie  the  ends  over  the  apex.  Make  enough 
traction  on  the  apex  to  properly  support  the  breast,  turn  it 
upward  over  the  ends,  and  secure  it  with  a  safety-pin. 


SPECIAL   HANDKERCHIEF    BANDAGES  137 

Brachiocervical  Triangle  (Fig.  loS).— Uses.— As  a  sling 
for  the  forearm. 

With  the  forearm  flexed  at  a  right  angle,  place  the  center 
of  the  base  of  the  triangle  under  the  wrist,  with  the  apex 
extending  toward  the  elbow,  and  carry  the  ends  around  the 
neck  and  tie.  A  more  presentable  bandage  or  sling  will  be 
made  if  the  anterior  end  is  carried  to  the  side  of  the  neck  on 


Fig.  108. — Brachiocervical  triangle. 

the  sound  side,  while  the  posterior  end  is  carried  around  the 
neck  on  the  affected  side.  Make  enough  traction  on  the 
apex  to  make  the  bandage  he  flat  and  smooth,  fold  the  excess 
portion  of  the  apex,  and  either  tuck  it  under  the  arm  or  bring 
it  forward  and  secure  it  with  a  safety-pin. 

Triangle  of  the  Hand  (Fig.  109). —  Uses. — To  hold  a  loose 
dressing  on  the  hand  or  to  cover  a  bandage  of  the  hand. 


138 


BANDAGING 


Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  on  the  palmar 
surface  of  the  wrist.  Carry  the  apex  along  the  palmar  sur- 
face of  the  hand,  over  the  tips  of  the  fingers,  and  along  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  hand  to  the  wrist.     Carry  the  fulness  of 


Fig.  109. — Triangle  of  the  hand. 


the  triangle  from  either  side  over  the  back  of  the  hand  and 
tie  the  ends  around  the  wrist. 

Sacropubic    Triangle     (Fig.     no). —  Uses. — To    retain    a 
dressing  on  the  sacral  region  or  both  buttocks. 


SPECIAL  HANDKERCHIEF  BANDAGES         1 39 

Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  over  the  sacrum, 
carry  the  ends  around  the  body,  and  fasten  them  over  the 
abdomen.  Carry  the  apex  downward,  through  the  crotch, 
upward  over  the  pubes,  and  fasten  it  to  the  ends  with  a 
safety-pin. 


Fig.  no. — Sacropubic  triangle. 

Iliofemoral  Triangle  (Fig.  in). —  Uses. — To  retain  a 
dressing  on  the  buttock  or  hip. 

Tie  a  cravat  around  the  waist.  Place  the  base  of  the  tri- 
angle around  the  thigh  of  the  affected  side,  near  the  gluteal 
fold,  and  tie  the  ends.  Carry  the  apex  upward  over  the  but- 
tock and  under  the  cravat.     Make  enough  traction  to  make 


I40  BANDAGING 

the  bandage  lie  snug,  turn  the  apex  downward  over  the 
cravat,  and  secure  with  a  safety-pin. 

Triangular  Knee-cap  (Fig.  112). —  Uses.— To  retain  a 
dressing  to  the  knee. 

Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  below  the 
patella,   with   the   apex   extending   upward   over   the   knee. 


Fig.  III. — Iliofemoral  triangle. 

Carry  the  ends  around  the  knee,  under  the  popKteal  space, 
and  tie  them  over  the  apex,  above  the  patella.  Make  enough 
traction  on  the  apex  to  make  the  bandage  lie  snug,  carry  it 
downward  over  the  ends,  and  secure  with  a  safety-pin. 

Triangle  of  the  Foot  (Fig.  113). —  Uses.— To  retain  a  dress- 
ing on  the  foot,  or  to  protect  a  bandage  of  the  foot. 


SPECIAL   HANDKERCHIEF    BANDAGES  141 


Fig.  113. — Triangle  of  the  foot. 


142 


BANDAGING 


Place  the  center  of  the  base  of  the  triangle  on  the  back  of 
the  leg,  just  above  the  heel,  and  carry  the  apex  forward  along 
the  sole,  over  the  tips  of  the  toes  and  along  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  foot  to  the  ankle.  Carry  the  fulness  of  the  tri- 
angle from  either  side  over  the  back  of  the  foot  and  tie  the 
ends  of  the  bandage  around  the  ankle. 


Fig.  114. — Mentovertico-occipital  cravat. 


Many  of  the  cravats  described  and  advocated  are  of  value 
in  emergencies;  they  are  seldom  used  in  other  instances. 
Their  appUcation  is  so  simple  that  a  full  description  of  the 
numerous  ways  in  which  they  may  be  employed  is  deemed 
unnecessary.  An  outline  of  the  application  of  a  few  of  them 
will  sufhce  to  show  the  general  principles  underlying  their 
use,  and  the  ingenuity  of  the  operator  can  make  them  applic- 
able to  any  portion  of  the  body. 


SPECIAL   HANDKERCHIEF    BANDAGES  143 

Mentovertico-occipital  Cravat  (Fig.  114). —  Uses. — To  re- 
tain a  dressing  under  the  chin  or  to  immobilize  the  lower  jaw. 

Place  the  center  of  the  cravat  beneath  the  chin,  carry  the 
ends  upward  over  the  cheeks,  cross  them  on  top  of  the  head, 
carry  them  downward  and  backward  around  the  occiput,  and 
either  tie  them  in  that  position  or  carry  them  forward  on 
either  side  of  the  body  of  the  lower  jaw  and  fasten  them  on 
either  side  of  the  chin. 


Fig.  115. — liisaxillary  cravat. 

The  Bisaxillary  Cravat  (Fig.  115). —  Uses. — To  retain  a 
dressing  under  the  axilla  or  on  top  of  the  shoulder. 

Place  the  center  of  the  cravat  in  the  axilla,  carry  the  ends 
around  the  anterior  and  posterior  aspects  of  the  shoulder, 
cross  them  on  top  of  the  shoulder,  and  carry  them  beneath 
the  axilla  of  the  sound  side,  where  they  are  tied. 

The  Brachiocervical  Cravat  (Fig.  116). —  Uses. — As  a  sling 


144 


BANDAGING 


Fig.  ii6. — Brachiocervical  cravat. 


Fig.  117. — Cravat  for  the  hand. 

for  the  forearm;  especially  useful  when  the  weight  of  the 
forearm  is  utilized  to  make  traction  on  the  arm. 


SPECIAL  HANDKERCHIEF.  BANDAGES  145 

With  the  forearm  flexed  on  the  arm,  pass  the  cravat  around 
the  wrist  and  neck  in  such  a  manner  that  the  ends  will  come 
together  over  the  front  of  the  chest.  Either  tie  them  in  that 
position,  or  cross  them  and  then  tie  them  around  the  body  of 
the  cravat. 

Cravat  for  the  Hand  (Fig.  117). —  Uses. — To  hold  a  dress- 
ing on  the  hand. 

Place  the  center  of  the  cravat  on  the  palm  of  the  hand 
between  the  thumb  and  index-finger,  bring  the  ends  over  the 
back  of  the  hand,  cross  them,  and  tie  around  the  wrist. 


NDEX 


Abdomen,  many-tailed  bandage  of,  127 
American  heel  bandage,  102 
Application  of  plaster  bandage,  21 

of  roller  bandage,  24 
Ascending  spiral  bandage  of  chest,  83 
A-S-E  bandage,  93 
Auriculo-occipital  triangle,  133 

Bandage,  American  heel,  102 
ascending  spiral,  of  chest,  83 
A-S-E,  93 
Barton's,  63 
binocle,  69 
Boston  Y-,  128 
circular,  32 
classes,  11 

crossed,  of  perineum,  98 
Davis,  96 
demigauntlet,  43 
Desault,  90 

double  oblique,  of  jaw,  61 
Esmarch's  rubber,  14 
figure-of-8,  39 

of  axilla-shoulder-axilla,  82 

of  back  and  shoulders,  82 

of  breasts,  89 

of  elbow,  52 

of  head  and  chin,  57 
and  neck,  56 

of  knee,  112 

of  leg,  107 
modified,  no 

of  neck  and  axilla,  80 


Bandage,  finger-cot,  42 
flannel,  13 
flannellet,  14 
four-tailed,  112 
gauntlet,  44 
gauze,  13 
Gibson's,  65 
gypsum,  20 
hardening,  20 
Kiwisch's,  89 
machine  rolling,  17 
many- tailed,  122 
material,  12 

flannel,  13 

flannellet,  14 

gauze,  13 

muslin,  12 

rubber,  14 

woven  elastic,  14 
method  of  ending,  29 

of  holding,  26 

of  removing,  29 
modified  figure-of-8,  of  leg,  no 

spiral  reverse,  of  leg,  in 
monocle,  66,  71 
muslin,  12 
oblique,  of  jaw,  59 
occipitofrontal,  58 
of  both  eyes,  69 
of  Desault,  90 
of  ear,  73 
of  eye,  66 
of  forearm,  50 

147 


148 


INDEX 


Bandage  of  front  of  scalp,  58 
of  hand,  48 
of  mastoid,  73 
of  one  eye,  66,  71 

finger,  40 
paraffin,  20 
perfect,  24 
plaster,  20 

application,  21 

method  of  making,  21 
purposes  of,  1 1 
rapid  ascending  spiral,  32 

descending  spiral,  32 
recurrent,  40 
removing,  29 
reverse,  35 
roller,  12 

application,  24 

beginning,  26 

ending,  29 

gapping,  24 

method  of  fixation,  circular,  27 
oblique,  29 

natural  course,  24 

security,  25 

spacing,  26 
rolling  by  hand,  15 

by  machine,  1 7 
rubber,  14 
silicate  of  soda,  20 
slow  ascending  spiral,  34 

descending  spiral,  34 
spica  of  foot,  99 

of  shoulder,  53 
spiral  of  heel,  102 

reverse,  38 
of  forearm,  50 
of  leg,  105 
of  thigh,  113 
starch,  20 
suspensory,  of  both  breasts,  86 

of  breast,  84 
used  by  Shoemaker,  71 


Bandage,  Velpeau's,  94 
Bandages,  fundamental,  30 

handkerchief,  130 

of  head,  56 

of  leg,  105 

of  lower  extremity,  99 

special,  40 

tailed,  121 
Barton's  bandage,  63 
Beginning  a  bandage,  26 
Binocle,  69 

Bisaxillary  cravat,  143 
Bitemporal  triangle,  132 
Boston  Y-bandage,  128 
Brachiocervical  cravat,  143 

triangle,  137 
Breakfast  shawl,  134 
Breast,  suspensory  of,  84 

triangle,  136 
Breasts,  figure-of-8  of,  89 

Kiwisch's  bandage,  89 
Buttock,  triangle  of,  139 


Chest,  ascending  spiral,  83 
Circular  bandage,  32 

method  of  fixation,  27 
Cravat,  131 

bisaxillary,  143 

brachiocervical,  143 

mentovertico-occipital,  143 

of  hand,  145 
Crossed  bandage  of  perineum,  98 
Crosses,  26 


Davis  bandage,  96 
Demigauntlet,  43 
Desault's  bandage,  90 

second  roller,  92 

third  roller,  92 
Double  oblique  of  jaw,  61 
T-bandage,  124 


INDEX 


149 


Ear,  bandage  of,  73 
Elastic  bandage,  14 
Elbow,  bandage  of,  52 

figure-of-8,  52 
Ending  a  bandage,  29 
Esmarch's  rubber  bandage,  14 
Eye,  bandage  of,  66 

FiGURE-OF-8  bandage,  39 

of  axilla-shoulder-axilla,  82 

of  back  and  shoulders,  82 

of  breasts,  89 

of  elbow,  52 

of  head  and  chin,  57 
and  neck,  56 

of  knee,  112 

of  leg,  107 
modified,  no 

of  neck  and  axilla,  80 
Finger  bandage,  40 
Finger-cot  bandage,  42 
Fixation  of  bandage,  circular  method, 
27 

oblique  method,  29 
Flannel  roller,  13 
Flannellet  roller,  14 
Foot,  spica  of,  99 
triangle  of,  140 
Forearm,  bandage  of,  50 

sling  for,  137 
Four-tailed  bandage,  122 

of  scalp,  125 
Fronto-occipital  triangle,  132 
Fundamental  bandages,  30 

Gap,  24 

Gauntlet  bandage,  44 
Gauze  roller,  13 
Gibson's  bandage,  65 
Gypsum,  20 

Hand,  bandage  of,  48 
cravat  of,  145 


Hand,  triangle  of,  137 
Handkerchief  bandages,  130 
Head,  triangle  of,  133 
Heel,  American,  102 

spiral  of,  102 
Hunter's  cap,  133 

V-bandage,  57 

Iliofemoral  triangle,  139 

Jaw,  oblique  of,  59 
double,  61 

Kiwisch's  bandage,  89 
Knee,  figure-of-8  of,  112 
Knee-cap,  triangular,  140 

Leg  bandages,  105 
figure-of-8  of,  107 

modified,  no 
spiral  reverse  of,  105 
modified,  in 
Length  of  roller,  20 
Lower  extremity,  bandages  of,  99 
spiral  reverse  of,  105 

Many-tailed  bandage  of   abdomen, 

127 
Mastoid,  bandage  of,  73 
Mentovertico-occipital  cravat,  143 
Modified  figure-of-8  of  leg,  no 
Monocle,  66 
MusUn  roller,  12 

Oblique  bandage  of  jaw,  59 

method  of  fixation,  29 
Occipitofrontal  bandage,  58 

triangle,  132 

Paraffin  bandage,  20 
Perineum,  crossed  bandage  ol,  98 
Plaster  bandage,  20 
application,  21 


ISO 


INDEX 


Plaster  bandage,  method  of  making,  21 
setting,  22 
cast,  removal,  23 
Plaster-of-Paris,  20 

Rapid  ascending  spiral  bandage,  32 

descending  spiral  bandage,  32 
Recurrent  bandage,  40 

of  scalp,  double  roller,  76 
single  roller,  74 
transverse,  79 
with  two  rollers,  78 
Removing  a  bandage,  29 

plaster  cast,  23 
Reverse  bandage,  35 
Roller  bandage,  1 2 
application,  24 
ending,  29 
gapping,  24 
length,  20 

method  of  making,  15 
natural  course,  24 
removing,  29 
security,  25 
spacing,  26 
width,  20 
elastic,  14 

woven,  14 
flannel,  13 
fiannellet,  14 
gauze,  13 
muslin,  12 
rubber,  14 
Rolling  bandage  by  hand,  15 
Rubber  bandage,  14 
Rubberless  elastic  bandage,  14 

Sacropubic  triangle,  138 
Scalp,  bandage  for  front  of,  58 
four-tailed  bandage,  125 
recurrent,  double  roller,  76 
single  roller,  75 
transverse,  79 


Scalp,  recurrent,  with  two  rollers,  78 

Second  roller  of  Desault,  92 

Shoemaker  bandage  of  eye,  71 

Shoulder,  spica  of,  53 

Shoulders,  posterior  triangle,  133 

Silicate  of  soda  bandage,  20 

Single  roller,  12 

Skull-cap,  74 

Sling  for  forearm,  137 

Slow  ascending  spiral  bandage,  34 

descending  spiral  bandage,  34 
Spacing,  26 
Special  bandages,  40 
Spica,  26 

of  foot,  99 

of  groin,  115 

of  shoulder,  53 

of  thumb,  47 
Spiral  of  heel,  102 

reverse  bandage,  38 
of  forearm,  50 
of  leg,  105 

modified,  iii 
of  lower  extremity,  105 
of  thigh,  113 

Tailed  bandages,  121 
T-bandage,  122 
Thigh,  spiral  reverse  of,  113 
Third  roller  of  Desault,  92 
Thoracicoscapular  triangle,  134 
Thumb,  spica  of,  47 
Transverse  recurrent  of  scalp,  79 
Triangle,  auriculo-occipital,  133 

bitemporal,  132 

brachiocervical,  137 

fronto-occipital,  132 

iliofemoral,  139 

occipitofrontal,  132 

of  foot,  140 

of  hand, 137 

of  head,  133 

posterior,  of  shoulders,  133 


INDEX 


151 


Triangle,  sacropubic,  138 
suspensory,  of  breast,  136 
thoracicoscapular,  134 
verticomental,  132 

Triangular  knee-cap,  140 

Turn,  26 


V-BANDAGE  of  Hunter,  57 
Velpeau's  bandage,  94 
Verticomental  triangle,  132 

Width  of  roller,  20 
Woven  elastic  bandage,  14 


Books  for  Nurses 


PUBLISHED   BY 


W.    B.   SAUNDERS 

West  Washington  Square 


COMPANY 

Philadelphia 


London :    9,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden 


Sanders'   Nursing 


A  NEW  WORK 


Miss  Sanders'  new  book  is  undoubtedly  the  most 
complete  and  most  practical  work  on  nursing  ever 
published.  Everything  about  every  subject  with 
which  the  nurse  should  be  familiar  is  detailed  in 
a  clean  cut,  definite  way.  There  is  no  other 
nursing  book  so  full  of  good,  practical  informa- 
tion— information  you  need. 

Modern  Methods  in  Nursing.  By  Georgiana  J.  SANDERS, 
formerly  Superintendent  of  Nurses  at  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital.      i2mo  of  88i  pages,  with  227  illustrations. 

Cloth,  $2.50  net. 

Dunton's  Occupation  Therapy 

JUST  ISSUED 

Dr.  Dunton  gives  those  forms  likely  to  be  of  most 
service  to  the  nurse  in  private  practice.  You  get 
chapters  on  puzzles,  reading,  physical  exercises, 
card  games,  string,  paper,  wood,  plastic  and 
metal  work,  weaving,  picture  puzzles,  basketry, 
chair  caning,  bookbinding,  gardening,  nature 
study,  drawing,  painting,  pyrography,  needle- 
work, photography,  and  music. 

Occupation  Therapy  for  Nurses.  By  William  Rush 
Dunton,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  Assistant  Physician  at  Sheppard 
and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospitals,  Towson,  Md.  i2mo  of  240 
pages,  illustrated.     Cloth,  $1.50  net. 


Stoney's  Nursing 


NEW  (4th)  EDITION 


Of  this  work  the  American  Journal  of  Nursing  says:  *'It  is  the 
fullest  and  most  complete  and  may  well  be  recommended  as 
being  of  great  general  usefulness.  The  best  chapter  is  the  one 
on  observation  of  symptoms  which  is  very  thorough/*  There 
are  directions  how  to  improvise   everything. 

Practical  Points  in  Nursing.  By  Emily  M.  A.  Stoney,  formerly  Super- 
intendent of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses  in  the  Carney  Hospital, 
South  Boston,  Mass.    izmo,  495  pages,  illustrated.    Cloth,  $1.75  net 

Stoney's  Materia  Medica       new  od)  edition 

Stoney' s  Materia  Medica  was  written  by  a  head  nurse  who 
knows  just  what  the  nurse  needs.  American  Medicine  says 
it  contains  "all  the  information  in  regards  to  drugs  that  a 
nurse  should  possess." 

Materia  Medica  for  Nurses.  By  Emily  M.  A.  Stoney,  formerly  Super- 
intendent of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses  in  the  Carney  Hospital, 
South    Boston,   Mass.   i2mo  volume  of  300  pages.    Cloth,  $1.50  net 


Stoney's  Surgical  Technic      new  od)  edition 

The  first  part  of  the  book  is  dovoted  to  Bacteriology  and 
Antiseptics;  the  second  part  to  Surgical  Technic,  Signs  of 
Death,  Bandaging,  Care  of  Infants,  etc. 

Bacteriology  and  Surgical  Technic  for  Nurses.  By  Emily  M.  A. 
Stoney.  Revised  by  Frederic  R.  Griffith,  M.  D.,  New  York, 
lamo   volume   of   311    pages,    fully   illustrated.         Cloth,    $1.50  net 

Goodnow's  First-Year  Nursing  illustrated 

Miss  Goodnow's  work  deals  entirely  with  the  practical  side  of 
first-year  nursing  work.  It  is  the  applicatio7i  of  text-book 
knowledge.  It  tells  the  nurse  how  to  do  those  things  she  is  called 
upon  to  do  in  her  finst  year  in  the  training  school — the  actual 
ward  work. 

First-Year  Nursing.  By  MiNNiE  GooDNOW,  R.  N.,  formerly  Super- 
intendent of  the  Women's  Hospital,  Denver.  lamoof  328  pages, 
illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.50  net 


Aikens'  Hospital  Management 

This  is  just  the  work  for  hospital  superintendents,  training- 
school  principals,  physicians,  and  all  who  are  actively  inter- 
ested in  hospital  administration.  The  Medical  Record  S2iys: 
"Tells  in  concise  form  exactly  what  a  hospital  should  do 
and  how  it  should  be  run,  from  the  scrubwoman  up  to  its 
financing." 

Hospital  Management.  Arranged  and  edited  by  Charlotte  A. 
AlKENS,  formerly  Director  of  Sibley  Memorial  Hospital,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.      i2mo  of  488  pages.  Illustrated.  Cloth,  $3.00  net 


JUST  READY 
NEW  (3d)  EDITION 


Aikens'  Primary  Studies 

Trained  Nurse  aiid  Hospital  Review  says:  **  It  is  safe  to  say 
that  any  pupil  who  has  mastered  even  the  major  portion  of 
this  work  would  be  one  of  the  best  prepared  first  year  pupils 
who  ever  stood  for  examination." 

Primary  Studies  for  Nurses.  By  Charlotte  A.  Aikens,  formerly 
Director  of  Sibley  Memorial  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  i2mo  of 
47Z  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.75  net 

Aikens'  Training-School  Methods  and 
the  Head  Nurse 

This  work  not  only  tells  how  to  teach,  but  also  what  should 
be  taught  the  nurse  and  how  much.  The  Medical  Record  says: 
•*  This  book  is  original,  breezy  and  healthy." 

Hospital  Training-School  Methods  and  the  Head  Nurse.  By  CHAR- 
LOTTE A.  AlKENS,  formerly  Director  of  Sibley  Memorial  Hospital, 
Washington,  D.  C.    i2mo  of  267  pages.  Cloth,  $1.50  net 

Aikens'    Clinical    Studies       ^^^  ^^^^  edition 

This  work  for  second  and  third  year  students  is  written  on  the 
same  lines  as  the  author's  successful  work  for  primary  stu- 
dents. Dietetic  aiid  Hygienic  Gazette  says  there  "  is  a  large 
amount  of  practical  information  in  this  book." 

Clinical  Studies  for  Nurses.  By  Charlotte  A.  Aikens,  formerly 
Director  of  Sibley  Memorial  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  lamo  of 
569  pages,  illustrated  Cloth,  $2.00  net 


Bolduan  and  Grund's  Bacteriology 

The  authors  have  laid  particular  emphasis  on  the  immediate 
application  of  bacteriology  to  the  art  of  nursing.  It  is  an 
applied  bacteriology  in  the  truest  sense.  A  study  of  all  the 
ordinary  modes  of  transmission  of  infection  are  included. 

Applied  Bacteriology  for  Nurses.  By  Charles  F.  Bolduan.  M.D., 
Assistant  to  the  General  Medical  Officer,  and  Marie  Grund,  M.D., 
Bacteriologist,  Research  Laboratory,  Department  of  Health,  City  of 
New  York.    i2mo  of  i66  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.25  net. 


Fiske's  The  Body 


A  NEW  IDEA 


Trained  Nurse  and  Hospital  Review  says  "it  is  concise,  well- 
written  and  well  illustrated,  and  should  meet  with  favor  in 
schools  for  nurses  and  with  the  graduate  nurse." 

Structure  and  Functions  of  the  Body.  By  Annette  Fiske,  A.  M., 
Graduate  of  the  Waltham  Training  School  for  Nurses,  Massa- 
chusetts.   i2mo  of  221  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.25  net 


Beck's  Reference  Handbook 


NEW  (3d)  EDITION 


This  book  contains  all  the  information  that  a  nurse  requires 
to  carry  out  any  directions  given  by  the  physician.  The 
Montreal  Medical  Journal  ?,2,y?>  it  is  **  cleverly  systematized  and 
shows  close  observation  of  the  sickroom  and  hospital  regime." 

A  Reference  Handbook  for  Nurses.  By  AMANDA  K.  Beck,  Grad' 
uate  of  the  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses,  Chicago,  IlL 
32mo    volume   of   244   pages.     Bound    in  flexible  leather,    $1.25  net. 

Roberts'  Bacteriology  &  Pathology 

This  new  work  is  practical  in  the  strictest  sense.  Written 
specially  for  nurses,  it  confines  itself  to  information  that  the 
nurse  should  know.  All  unessential  matter  is  excluded.  The 
style  is  concise  and  to  the  point,  yet  clear  and  plain.  The  text 
is  illustrated  throughout. 

Bacteriology  and  Pathofogy  for  Nurses.    By  Jay  G.  Roberts,  Ph.  G., 

M.  D.,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa.      i2mo  of  206  pages,  illustrated.       $1.25  net. 


DeLee's  Obstetrics  for  Nurses 


FOURTH 
EDITION 


Dr.  DeLee's  book  really  considers  two  subjects — obstetrics 
for  nurses  and  actual  obstetric  nursing.  Trai7ied  Nurse  and 
Hospital  Review  says  the  "book  abounds  with  practical 
suggestions,  and  they  are  given  with  such  clearness  that 
they  cannot  fail  to  leave  their  impress." 

Obstetrics  for  Nurses.  By  Joseph  B.  DeLee.  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Obstetrics  at  the  Northwestern  University  Medical  School,  Chicago. 
i2mo  volume  of  508  pages,  fully  illustrated.  Cloth,  $2.50  net. 

Davis'  Obstetric  &  Gynecologic  Nursing 

NEW  (4th)  EDITION 

The  Trained  Nurse  a?id  Hospital  Review  says:  **  This  is  one 
of  the  most  practical  and  useful  books  ever  presented  to  the 
nursing   profession."     The  text  is  illustrated. 

Obstetric  and  Gynecologic  Nursing.  By  Edward  P.  Davis,  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Obstetrics  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadel- 
phia.   i.4mo  volume  of  480  pages,  illustrated.         Buckram,  $1.75  net 

Macfarlane's  Gynecology  for  Nurses 

NEW  (2d)  EDITION 

Dr.  A.  M.  Seabrook,  Woman's  Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  says: 
"It  is  a  most  admirable  little  book,  covering  in  a  concise  but 
attractive  way  the  subject  from  the  nurse's  standpoint." 

A  Reference  Handbook  of  Gynecology  for  Nurses.  By  Catharine 
Macfarlane,  M.  D.,  Gynecologist  to  the  Woman's  Hospital  of  Phila- 
delphia. 32mo  of  156  pages,  with  70  illustrations.  Flexible  leather, 
$1.25  net. 

Asher's  Chemistry  and  Toxicology 

Dr.  Asher's  one  aim  was  to  emphasize  throughout  his  book 
the  application  of  chemical  and  toxicologic  knowledge  in  the 
study  and  practice  of  nursing.     He  has  admirably  succeeded. 

i2mo  of  190  pages.  By  Philip  Asher,  Ph.  G.,  M.  D.,  Dean  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry,  New  Orleans  College  of  Pharmacy.  Cloth, 
$1.25  net. 


Aikens'  Home  Nurse's  Handbook 

The  point  about  this  work  is  this:  It  tells  you,  and  shows  you 
just  how  to  do  those  little  things  entirely  omitted  from  other 
nursing  books,  or  at  best  only  incidentally  treated.  The 
chapters  on  "Home  Treatments"  and  ''Every- Day  Care  of 
the  Baby,"  stand  out  as  particularly  practical. 

Home  Nurse's  Handbook.  By  Charlotte  A.  Aikens,  formerly  Di- 
rector of  the  Sibley  Memorial  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  i2mo  of 
276  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth.  $1.50  net 

Eye,  Ear,  Nose,  and  Throat  Nursing 

This  book  is  written  from  beginning  to  ^rA  for  the  nurse.  You 
get  antiseptics,  sterilization,  nurse's  duties,  etc.  You  get  an- 
atomy and  physiology,  common  remedies,  how  to  invert  the 
lids,  administer  drops,  solutions,  salves,  anesthetics,  the 
various  diseases  and  their  management.         New  {2d)  Edition. 

Nursing  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat.  By  the 
Committee  on  Nurses  of  the  Manhattan  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital. 
i2mo  of  291  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.50  net 

Paul's  Materia  Medica  new  (2d)  edition 

In  this  work  you  get  definitions — what  an  alkaloid  is,  an  in- 
fusion, a  mixture,  an  ointment,  a  solution,  a  tincture,  etc. 
Then  a  classification  of  drugs  according  to  their  physiologic 
action,  when  to  administer  drugs,  how  to  administer  them, 
and  how  much  to  give. 

A  Text-Book  of  Materia  Medica  for  Nurses.  By  George  P.  Paul.M.D., 
Samaritan  Hospital,  Troy,  N.  Y.     i2mo  of  282  pages.     Cloth,  $1.50  net 

Paul's  Fever  Nursing  new  (2d)  edition 

In  the  first  part  you  get  chapters  on  fever  in  general,  hygiene, 
diet,  methods  for  reducing  the  fever,  complications.  In  the 
second  part  each  infection  is  taken  up  in  detail.  In  the  third 
part  you  get  antitoxins  and  vaccines,  bacteria,  warnings  of 
the  full  dose  of  drugs,  poison  antidotes,  enemata,  etc. 

Nursing  in  the  Acute  Infectious  Fevers.  By  GEORGE  P.  Paul,  M.  D. 
lamaof  246  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $1.00  net 


McCombs'  Diseases  of  Children  for  Nurses 

NEW  (2d)  EDITION 

Dr.  McCorabs'  experience  in  lecturing  to  nurses  has  enabled 
him  to  emphasize/z^?/  those  points  that  7iurses  most  need  to  know. 
National  Hospital  Record  says:  **We  have  needed  a  good 
book  on  children's  diseases  and  this  volume  admirably  fills 
the  want."  The  nurse's  side  has  been  written  by  head 
nurses,  very  valuable  being  the  work  of  Miss  Jennie  Manly. 

Diseases  of  Children  for  Nurses.  By  Robert  S.  McCombS,  M.  D., 
Instructor  of  Nurses  at  the  Children's  Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  lamo 
of  470  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $2.00  net 

Wilson's  Obstetric  Nursing  new  (2d)  edition 

In  Dr.  Wilson's  work  the  entire  subject  is  covered  from  the 
beginning  of  pregnancy,  its  course,  signs,  labor,  its  actual 
accomplishment,  the  puerperium  and  care  of  the  infant, 
American  Journal  of  Obstetrics  says:  **  Kvery  page  empasizes 
the  nurse's  relation  to  the  case." 

A  Reference  Handbook  of  Obstetric  Nursing.  By  W.  REYNOLoa 
Wilson,  M.D.,  Visiting  Physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Lying  in  Char- 
ley.   3zmo  of  355  pages,  illustrated.  Flexible  leather,  $1.25  net 


JUST  READY 
NEW  (9th)  edition 


American  Pocket  Dictionary 

The  Trained  Nurse  a7id  Hospital  Review  says:  **We  have 
had  many  occasions  to  refer  to  this  dictionary,  and  in  every 
instance  we  have  found  the  desired  information.'* 

American  Pocket  Medical  Dictionary.  Edited  by  W.  A.  Newman 
DORLAND,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Loyola  University,  Chicago.  Flexible 
leather,  gold  edges,  $1.00  net;  with  patent  thumb  Index,  $1.25  net 


THIRD 
EDITION 


Lewis'  Anatomy  and  Physiology 

Nurses  Joarnal  of  Pacific  Coast  says  **it  is  not  in  any  sense 
rudimentary,  but  comprehensive  in  its  treatment  of  the  sub- 
jects.'*    The  low  price  makes  this  book  particularly  attractive. 

Anatomy  and  Physiology  for  Nurses.  By  LeRoy  Lewis,  M.D.,  Lec- 
turer on  Anatomy  and  Physiology  for  Nurses,  Lewis  Hospital,  Bay 
City,  Mich.    i2mo  of  j(26  pages,  150  illustrations.       Cloth,  $1.75  net 


SECOND 
EDITION 


Bohm  &  Painter's  Massage 

The  methods  described  are  those  employed  in  Hoffa's  Clinic 
— methods  that  give  results.  Every  step  is  illustrated,  showing 
you  the  exact  direction  of  the  strokings.  The  pictures  are 
large.     You  get  the  technic  used  in  Professor  Hoffa's  Clinic. 

Octavo  of  gi  pages,  with  g?  illustrations.  By  Max  Bohm,  M.  D., 
Berlin,  Germany.  Edited  by  Charles  F.  Painter,  M.  D.,  Professor 
or  Orthopedic  Surgery,  Tufts  College  Medical  School,  Boston. 

Cloth,  $1.75  net 

Grafstrom's  Mechano-therapy 

Dr.  Grafstrom  gives  you  here  the  Swedish  system  of  mechan- 
otherapy. You  are  given  the  effects  of  certain  movements, 
gymnastic  postures,  medical  gymnastics,  general  massage 
treatment,  massage  for  the  various  conditions.  The  illustra- 
tions are  full-page  line  drawings. 

Mechanotherapy  (Massage  and  Medical  Gymnastics).  By  AXEL  V. 
GrafSTROVI,  B.  Sc,  M.  D.,  Attending  Physician  Gustavus  Adolphus 
Orphanage,  Jamestown,  New  York.     i6mo  of  200  pages. 

Cloth,  $1.25  net 

Friedenwald  and  Ruhrah's  Dietetics  for 
INurses  new  od)  edition 

This  work  has  been  prepared  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  nurse, 
both  in  training  school  and  after  graduation.  American  Jour- 
nal of  Nursing  says  it  "is  exactly  the  book  for  which  nurses 
and  others  have  long  and  vainly  sought." 

Dietetics  for  Nurses.  By  Julius  Friedenwald,  M.  D.,  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  the  Stomach,  and  John  Ruhrah,  M.D.,  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Children,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore. 
i2mo  volume  of  431  pages.  Cloth,  $1.50  net 


FOURTH 
EDITION 


Friedenwald  &  Ruhrah  on  Diet 

This  work  is  a  fuller  treatment  of  the  subject  of  diet,  pre- 
sented along  the  same  lines  as  the  smaller  work.  Everything 
concerning  diets,  their  preparation  and  use,  coloric  values, 
rectal  feeding,  etc.,  is  here  given  in  the  light  of  the  most  re- 
cent researches. 

Diet  in  Health  and  Disease.    By  Julius  Friedenwald,   M.D..  and 
John  Ruhrah,  M.D.    Octavo  volume  of  857  pages.     Cloth,  $4.00  net 


Pyle's  Personal  Hygiene        ne^  (^„{fJn°ol 

Dr.  Pyle's  work  discusses  the  care  of  the  teeth,  skin,  com- 
plexion and  hair,  bathing,  clothing,  mouth  breathing,  catch- 
ing cold;  singing,  care  of  the  eyes,  school  hygiene,  body 
posture,  ventilation,  heating,  water  supply,  house-cleaning, 
home  gymnastics,  first-aid  measures,  etc. 

A  Manual  of  Personal  Hygiene.  Edited  by  Walter  L.  Pyle,  M.  D., 
Wills  Eye  Hospital,  Philadelphia.     i2mo,  543  pages  of  illus.    $1.50  net 

Galbraith's  Personal  Hygiene  and  Physical 
Training  for  Women  illustrated 

Dr.  Galbraith's  book  tells  you  how  to  train  the  physical  pow- 
ers to  their  highest  degree  of  efficiency  by  means  of  fresh  air, 
tonic  baths,  proper  food  and  clothing,  gymnastic  and  outdoor 
exercise.  There  are  chapters  on  the  skin,  hair,  development 
of  the  form,  carriage,  dancing,  walking,  running,  swimming, 
rowing,  and  other  outdoor  sports. 

Personal  Hygiene  and  Physical  Training  for  Women.      By   Anna  M. 

GA4-BRAITH,  M.D.,  Fellow  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine.  lamo  of 
371  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $2.cx>  net 

Galbraith's  Four  Epochs  of  Woman's  Life 

This  book  covers  each  epoch  fully,  in  a  clean,  instructive  way, 
taking  up  puberty,  menstruation,  marriage,  sexual  instinct, 
sterility,  pregnancy,  confinement,  nursing,  the  menopause. 

The  Four  Epochs  of  Woman's  Life.  By  Anna  M.  Galbraith,  M.  D. 
With  an  Introductory  Note  by  John  H.  Musser,  M.  D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania.     i2mo  of  247  pages.  Cloth,  $1.50  net 


JUST  OUT 
NEW  (6th)  EDITION 


Griffith's  Care  of  the  Baby 

Here  is  a  book  that  tells  in  simple,  straightforward  language 
exactly  how  to  care  for  the  baby  in  health  and  disease ;  how 
to  keep  it  well  and  strong;  and  should  it  fall  sick,  how  to 
carry  out  the  physician's  instructions  and  nurse  it  back  to 
health  again. 

The  Care  of  the  Baby.     By  J.  P,  Crozer  Griffith,  M.D..  Univers- 
ity of  Pennsylvania.     i2mo  of  458  pages,  illustrated.     Cloth,  $1.50  net 


Hoxie  &  Laptad's  Medicine  for  Nurses 

Medicine  for  Nurses  and  Housemothers.  By  George 
Howard  Hoxie,  M.  D.,  University  of  Kansas;  and 
Peari,  L.  Laptad.  12mo  of  351  pages,  illustrated. 
Cloth,  11.50  net.  Neiv  {2d)  Edition. 

This  book  gives  you  information  that  will  help  you  to  carry  out  the 
directions  of  the  physician  and  care  for  the  sick  in  emergencies.  It 
teaches  you  how  to  recognize  any  signs  and  changes  that  may  occur  be- 
tween visits  of  the  physician,  and,  if  necessary,  to  meet  conditions  until 
the  physician's  arrival. 

Boyd's  State  Registration  for  Nurses 

State  Registration  for  Nurses.  By  Louie  Croft  Boyd, 
R.  N,,  Graduate  Colorado  Training  School  for  Nurses. 
Octovo  of  149  pages.    Cloth,  $1.25  net.   Ne-iv  {2d)  Edition. 

Morrow's  Immediate  Care  of  Injured 

Immediate  Care  of  the  Injured.    By  Ai^bert  S.  Mor- 
row, M.  D.,  New  York  City  Home  for  Aged  and  In- 
firm.    Octavo  of  354  pages,  with  242  illustrations. 
Cloth,  $2.50  net.  Neixj  {2d)  Edition. 

deNancrede's  Anatomy  new  (7th)  edition 

Essentials  of  Anatomy.  By  Charles  B.  G.  deNan- 
crede,  M.  D.,  University  of  Michigan.  12mo  of  400 
pages,  180  illustrations.  Cloth,  |1.00  net. 

Morris'  Materia  Medica  new  (7th)  edition 

Essentials  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Pre- 
scription Writing.  By  Henry  Morris,  M.  D.  Re- 
vised by  W.  A.  Bastedo,  M.  D.,  Columbia  University, 
New  York.     12mo  of  300  pages,  illustrated. 

Cloth,  $1.00  net. 

Register's  Fever  Nursing 

A  Text  Book  on  Practical  Fever  Nursing.  By  Edward 
C.  Register,  M.  D.,  North  Carolina  Medical  College. 
Octavo  of  350  pages,  illustrated.  Cloth,  $2.50  net. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 
BERKELEY 

Return  to  desk  from  which  borrowed. 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


FEB      8   1954 


JAN  2 8   1954 


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